A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal function tests because of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. Which finding should the nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency?

Stomatitis and Diarrhea

Dyspnea and Anuria

Confusion and Vomiting

Nocturia and Oliguria

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: These are symptoms of advance renal failure. Stomatitis and diarrhea are signs of uremia, which is the accumulation of waste products in the blood.

Choice B rationale: Dyspnea and anuria are signs of fluid overload and kidney shutdown and indicate advanced renal failure.

Choice C rationale: Confusion and vomiting are signs of acidosis and electrolyte disturbances and occur in advanced stages of renal failure.

Choice D rationale: One of the early symptoms of renal insufficiency is nocturia, which is the need to urinate frequently at night. This occurs because the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine during the day and produce more urine at night. Another early symptom is oliguria, which is the production of less than 400 mL of urine per day. This occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete enough urine to maintain fluid balance.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale: In ALS, impaired physical mobility due to decreased motor agility and the inability to ambulate is a direct consequence of the disease.

Choice B rationale: Hopelessness might be a possible emotional response but doesn't address the client's physical limitations due to ALS.

Choice C rationale: Caregiver role strain is related to the family's ability to manage caregiving responsibilities and is not the primary concern for the client's physical mobility.

Choice D rationale: Impaired memory is not the primary issue in ALS; the client's inability to ambulate due to decreased motor function is the main focus for this nursing diagnosis.

A. Provides coverage for possible trichomonas infection. B. Prevent reinfection during treatment. C. Treat any coexisting syphilis infection. D. Provides coverage for possible chlamydia infection.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: The combination treats gonorrhea and chlamydia but not trichomonas.

Choice B rationale: While important, this combination aims to treat multiple potential infections, not solely prevent reinfection.

Choice C rationale: The dual therapy doesn’t cover syphilis; it's specifically targeted for gonorrhea and chlamydia.

Choice D rationale: Azithromycin covers both gonorrhea and chlamydia, so the combination ensures coverage for both possible infections.

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A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal function tests because of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. Which finding should the nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient with gonorrhea is treated with a single IM dose of ceftriaxone and is given a prescription for azithromycin (Zithromax) 1000 mg 1 dose. What rationale should the nurse provide to the patient for this combination?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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