Which disorder is associated with the compression of the bilateral nerve roots of the lumbosacral region?

Anterior spinal artery syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome

Horner's syndrome

Brown-Séquard syndrome

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale: Anterior spinal artery syndrome is caused by ischemia of the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord, resulting in loss of motor function and pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion.

Choice B rationale: This is a condition that occurs when the nerve roots in the lower end of the spinal cord are compressed, causing symptoms such as lower back pain, sciatica, saddle anesthesia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and sexual dysfunction.

Choice C rationale: Horner's syndrome is caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve fibers in the neck or chest, resulting in drooping eyelid, constricted pupil, and lack of sweating on one side of the face.

Choice D rationale: Brown-Séquard syndrome is caused by hemisection of the spinal cord, resulting in ipsilateral loss of motor function and proprioception and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This is not relevant to the current condition of the patient and does not support a diagnosis of renal calculi.

Choice B rationale: This is a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can have many causes such as peptic ulcer, gastritis or esophageal varices. It is not related to renal calculi or urinary tract problems.

Choice C rationale: Renal calculi usually causes pain which usually radiates anteriorly to the lower abdomen, groin, labia, testicles or the perineum depending on the location of the stone.

Choice D rationale: This is a sign of hematuria, which is blood in the urine caused by the passage of renal calculi (kidney stones) through the urinary tract. Hematuria can also cause the urine to appear dark or brown in color.

A. Propranolol (Inderal) B. Ranitidine (Zantac) C. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) D. Metformin (Glucophage)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker used for high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions, is known to have potential side effects of sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction (ED).

Choice B rationale: Ranitidine (Zantac) is an H2 blocker used for acid reflux and isn't typically associated with causing ED.

Choice C rationale: Atorvastatin (Lipitor), a statin used for high cholesterol, isn't commonly associated with causing ED.

Choice D rationale: Metformin (Glucophage), used for type 2 diabetes, is not typically linked to causing ED.

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Which disorder is associated with the compression of the bilateral nerve roots of the lumbosacral region?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A 49-year-old man who has type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and gastroesophageal reflux tells the nurse that he has had recent difficulty in achieving an erection. Which of the following drugs from his current medications list may cause erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which disorder is associated with the compression of the bilateral nerve roots of the lumbosacral region?

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