The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?
Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying.
Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity.
Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine.
Increases insulin production from the pancreas.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale: Metformin does not significantly affect insulin release from the pancreas or glucagon secretion but reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues.
Choice B rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's response to insulin, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.
Choice C rationale: Metformin does not notably slow carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.
Choice D rationale: Metformin does not directly increase insulin production from the pancreas.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale: While joint deformities are concerning in RA, the immediate attention would be required for an acute, red, hot, swollen joint which could indicate an active inflammatory process.
Choice B rationale: Redness, heat, and swelling in a joint are signs of an acute flare in rheumatoid arthritis and might require urgent intervention to manage the inflammation.
Choice C rationale: Puffy-looking areas behind the knee might indicate joint involvement but might not require immediate attention as much as an acutely inflamed joint.
Choice D rationale: Jaw pain while eating can be a symptom of TMJ involvement in RA, but an acutely inflamed joint would generally take precedence.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Cerebral motor cortex primarily controls voluntary movements, not autonomic functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Choice B rationale: The brain stem controls vital functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure, so damage to this area can lead to difficulties in these functions.
Choice C rationale: Broca's area is responsible for speech production and is not directly involved in autonomic functions.
Choice D rationale: The occipital lobe is primarily associated with visual processing and perception, not autonomic functions like respiration or heart rate.
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