The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?
Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying.
Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity.
Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine.
Increases insulin production from the pancreas.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale: Metformin does not significantly affect insulin release from the pancreas or glucagon secretion but reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues.
Choice B rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's response to insulin, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.
Choice C rationale: Metformin does not notably slow carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.
Choice D rationale: Metformin does not directly increase insulin production from the pancreas.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Metformin belongs to the biguanide class of antidiabetic medications.
Choice B rationale: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione used to treat diabetes, not a sulfonylurea.
Choice C rationale: Glipizide is a sulfonylurea used to stimulate insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Choice D rationale: Repaglinide is a meglitinide, another class of drugs that stimulates insulin release.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Phenelzine is an antidepressant that typically does not affect blood glucose levels significantly.
Choice B rationale: Allopurinol, used for gout, is not known to significantly impact blood glucose levels.
Choice C rationale: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, might mask some symptoms of hypoglycemia but is not typically associated with causing hyperglycemia.
Choice D rationale: Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, can elevate blood glucose levels and might contribute to hyperglycemia in a person with diabetes mellitus.
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