The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a client and concludes that the client has diabetes. Which finding helped the nurse to reach this conclusion?

A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 6.9

A postprandial blood glucose level of 170 mg/dL.

A confirmed fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL and a postprandial blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL

A fasting plasma glucose level of 90 mg/dL

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale: A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 6.9 indicates that the client has prediabetes, which is a risk factor for developing diabetes.

Choice B rationale: A postprandial blood glucose level of 170 mg/dL is within the normal range.

Choice C rationale: This indicates that the client has diabetes mellitus. According to the American Diabetes Association, a diagnosis of diabetes can be made if one of the

following criteria is met: a fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher, a postprandial blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher, or an HbA1c value of 6.5% or higher.

Choice D rationale: A fasting plasma glucose level of 90 mg/dL is within the normal range.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This is not accurate since the manifestations of facial nerve paralysis are observed on the contralateral side which in this case is the left side of the face hence the right facial nerve is paralyzed.

Choice B rationale: Facial nerve paralysis cause symptoms such as drooping of the eyelid, cheek or mouth as depicted in the above picture. The right facial nerve is paralyzed since the nerve innervates the contralateral side hence the effects are demonstrated on the

left side of the face.

Choice C rationale: trigeminal nerve paralysis causes symptoms such as weakness in muscles of mastication, altered sensation over the face and tongue, and hearing impairment and not the symptoms depicted above.

Choice D rationale: trigeminal nerve paralysis causes symptoms such as weakness in muscles of mastication, altered sensation over the face and tongue, and hearing impairment and not the symptoms depicted above.

A. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) B. Cushing's syndrome/disease C. Adrenal insufficiency D. Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale: These lab findings, particularly concentrated urine (high specific gravity) and hyponatremia, are consistent with SIADH, where excessive ADH secretion leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.

Choice B rationale: While it can affect sodium levels, Cushing's syndrome typically results in hypernatremia or normal sodium levels rather than hyponatremia.

Choice C rationale: Usually presents with hyponatremia but not specifically with high urine specific gravity or hematocrit.

Choice D rationale: DI is associated with high serum sodium and low urine specific gravity due to excessive excretion of dilute urine.

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