ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by which process?
Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys.
Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys.
High plasma osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale: Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys would stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and sodium balance.
Choice B rationale: Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys would
indicate that the body has excess water and needs to excrete it, which would inhibit ADH release.
Choice C rationale: ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates the water balance in the body. It is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. When the plasma osmolarity, or the concentration of solutes in the blood, is high, it means that the body is dehydrated and needs to conserve water. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and stimulate the release of ADH, which acts on the kidneys to increase water
reabsorption and decrease urine output. This helps to lower the plasma osmolarity and restore the water balance.
Choice D rationale: High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body would affect the acid-base balance and respiratory rate, but not ADH
release.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Biopsy during an endoscopy can help confirm the presence of duodenal ulcers by analyzing tissue samples.
Choice B rationale: Urea breath test is used to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium associated with duodenal ulcers.
Choice C rationale: Endoscopy is a standard procedure for diagnosing duodenal ulcers by directly visualizing the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Choice D rationale: While a CT scan can be useful in some cases, it's less commonly used for diagnosing duodenal ulcers compared to other diagnostic methods like endoscopy,
biopsy, or urea breath test.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale: With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased, and insulin resistance is increased. This means that the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, and the cells of the body do not respond well to the insulin that is available. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body use glucose (sugar) for energy. Without enough insulin or with insulin resistance, glucose builds up in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels and various complications.
Choice B rationale: This statement describes Type 1 diabetes, where the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells.
Choice C rationale: This describes type 1 diabetes, not type 2 diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes may or may not need to take insulin, depending on how well they can control their blood sugar levels with diet, exercise, and oral medications.
Choice D rationale: This refers to pancreatitis, which is a condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed due to infection, injury, or alcohol abuse. Pancreatitis can cause
severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes in the blood.
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