ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by which process?

Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys.

Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys.

High plasma osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale: Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys would stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and sodium balance.

Choice B rationale: Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys would

indicate that the body has excess water and needs to excrete it, which would inhibit ADH release.

Choice C rationale: ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates the water balance in the body. It is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. When the plasma osmolarity, or the concentration of solutes in the blood, is high, it means that the body is dehydrated and needs to conserve water. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and stimulate the release of ADH, which acts on the kidneys to increase water

reabsorption and decrease urine output. This helps to lower the plasma osmolarity and restore the water balance.

Choice D rationale: High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body would affect the acid-base balance and respiratory rate, but not ADH

release.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This refers to postrenal AKI, which is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from leaving the body.

Choice B rationale: This refers to AKI in general and is not specific compared to choice D.

Choice C rationale: This refers to intrinsic AKI, which is caused by damage to the kidney tissue or cells from various causes, such as inflammation, infection, toxins, or ischemia.

Choice D rationale: This is correct because it is pre-renal AKI, a condition in which kidney blood flow may become significantly reduced, including cases where a significant amount of fluid has been lost. This situation suggests potential hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to the massive GI bleed, which can lead to reduced kidney blood flow and subsequent acute kidney injury.

A. A 42-yr-old patient with secondary amenorrhea who says that her last menstrual cycle was 3 months ago B. A 19-yr-old patient with menorrhagia who has been using superabsorbent tampons and has fever with weakness C. A 22-yr-old patient with persistent red-brown vaginal drainage 3 days after having balloon thermotherapy D. A 35-yr-old patient with heavy spotting after having a progestin-containing IUD (Mirena) inserted a month ago

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale: The 42-yr-old patient with secondary amenorrhea may have menopause, pregnancy, or a hormonal disorder. This is less urgent compared to the 19- year old patient.

Choice B rationale: This patient may have toxic shock syndrome, which is a life- threatening complication of tampon use that can cause organ failure and shock. The nurse should assess the patient's vital signs, remove the tampon, and initiate fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy.

Choice C rationale: This patient may have an infection or a complication of the balloon thermotherapy, which is a procedure to destroy the endometrial lining of the uterus and is not an emergency compared to the 19 year old.

Choice D rationale: This patient may have a displacement or perforation of the IUD, which is a contraceptive device that releases progestin into the uterus. However, this is not urgent compared to the 19 year old.

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ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by which process?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A-55-year old male patient is admitted with a massive GI bleed. The patient is at risk for what type of acute kidney injury?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse in the women's health clinic has four patients who are waiting to be seen. Which patient should the nurse see first?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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