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A client arrives at the clinic with his daughter, reporting memory impairments:

Exhibits

Which of the following clinical feature are consistent with delirium? Select all that apply?

Altered level of consciousness

The onset of symptoms is months to years

Progressively worsens

May be caused by fluid and electrolyte imbalances or infection

May be caused by uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes

May cause impairments in judgment

Memory impairments

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,F

Choice A rationale: Altered consciousness is a hallmark feature of delirium, where individuals may experience fluctuations in awareness.

Choice B rationale: Delirium typically has an acute onset rather than symptoms developing over months to years.

Choice C rationale: Delirium often has a fluctuating course, rather than a consistent progressive decline.

Choice D rationale: Delirium can result from various factors including fluid/electrolyte imbalances or infections.

Choice E rationale: While these conditions might contribute to cognitive impairments, they are not typically associated with delirium.

Choice F rationale: Delirium can affect judgment, but it's not a defining feature.

Choice G rationale: While memory impairments can be seen in delirium, they're often accompanied by altered consciousness and fluctuations in awareness.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Cerebral motor cortex primarily controls voluntary movements, not autonomic functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Choice B rationale: The brain stem controls vital functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure, so damage to this area can lead to difficulties in these functions.
Choice C rationale: Broca's area is responsible for speech production and is not directly involved in autonomic functions.
Choice D rationale: The occipital lobe is primarily associated with visual processing and perception, not autonomic functions like respiration or heart rate.

A. urinary catheter obstruction B. shock C. hyponatremia D. urinary tract infection

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale: The signs and symptoms of urinary catheter obstruction include hematuria with clots, bladder spasms, and a feeling of urinary urgency. The nurse should increase the rate of the continuous bladder irrigation to flush out the clots and relieve the obstruction. The nurse should also monitor the client's vital signs, fluid balance, and pain level. The other options are not consistent with the client's presentation.

Choice B rationale: Shock would cause hypotension, tachycardia, and decreased urine output.

Choice C rationale: Hyponatremia would cause confusion, weakness, and seizures.

Choice D rationale: Urinary tract infection would cause fever, chills, and foul-smelling urine.

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A client arrives at the clinic with his daughter, reporting memory impairments: Exhibits Which of the following clinical feature are consistent with delirium? Select all that apply?

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A client arrives at the clinic with his daughter, reporting memory impairments:

Exhibits

Which of the following clinical feature are consistent with delirium? Select all that apply?