A client who is postoperative is receiving IV fluids and a unit of whole blood.
The nurse should observe the client for which of the following as an early sign of circulatory overload?

Choice A rationale:

Changing soiled linens daily is important, but it is not the most effective way to prevent the spread of pathogens.

Choice B rationale:

Hand hygiene is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of pathogens. It should be performed before and after every client interaction, before and after any procedure, and after any contact with potentially infectious material.

Choice C rationale:

Discarding used syringes in appropriate containers is important for safety, but it does not directly prevent the spread of pathogens.

Choice D rationale:

Properly disposing of contaminated equipment is important, but hand hygiene is more effective at preventing the spread of pathogens.

The correct answers are Choice B: "I must stop smoking.", Choice C: "I am limiting my intake of fast foods.", and Choice E: "I need to monitor my weight."

Choice A rationale:

Stopping alcohol consumption can have various health benefits, but moderate alcohol consumption is not a primary risk factor for coronary artery disease. Instead, excessive drinking is more concerning.

Choice B rationale:

Smoking is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. Quitting smoking greatly reduces the risk and improves overall cardiovascular health.

Choice C rationale:

Limiting fast food intake is an important dietary change, as fast foods are often high in unhealthy fats, salt, and calories, which can contribute to coronary artery disease.

Choice D rationale:

The statement "I should lower my HDL cholesterol level" is incorrect. HDL cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol and helps to protect against heart disease. Therefore, lowering HDL cholesterol would not be beneficial.

Choice E rationale:

Monitoring and maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Excess weight, particularly around the abdomen, is a known risk factor.