A client returns to the clinic for follow-up treatment after a skin biopsy of a suspicious lesion performed 1 week ago. The biopsy report indicates that the lesion is a melanoma. The nurse understands that melanoma has which characteristics?

The lesion is asymmetrical and dark brown or black

The lesion has a high risk for metastasis

The skin around the lesion is warm and red

The lesion is in an area that is frequently exposed to sunlight

The lesion is painful

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

Choice A Reason: This is correct because melanoma is a type of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, which are cells that produce pigment. Melanoma lesions are often irregular in shape and color, and may have different shades of brown or black.

Choice B Reason: This is correct because melanoma is a very aggressive and invasive type of skin cancer that can spread quickly to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system. Melanoma has a high mortality rate if not detected and treated early.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because warm and red skin around a lesion may indicate inflammation or infection, but not necessarily melanoma. Melanoma lesions may have other signs, such as bleeding, itching, or ulceration.

Choice D Reason: This is correct because melanoma is associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. UV radiation can damage the DNA of melanocytes and cause them to grow abnormally.

Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because melanoma lesions are usually not painful unless they are ulcerated or infected. Pain may be a sign of other types of skin conditions, such as burns, blisters, or cuts.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer because this describes a stupor, which is a state of near-unconsciousness or reduced responsiveness. A stuporous client shows minimal movement and verbal responses and requires extreme vigorous stimulation such as painful stimuli to awaken briefly.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because this describes obtundation, which is a state of reduced alertness or awareness. An obtunded client is extremely drowsy and minimally responsive and requires vigorous stimulation such as shaking or shouting to wake.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because this describes lethargy, which is a state of decreased energy or activity. A lethargic client is alert and oriented x3 (to person, place, and time), but sluggish and drowsy, and wakes to voice or gentle shaking.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because this describes a coma, which is a state of deep unconsciousness or unresponsiveness. A comatose client does not respond to verbal stimuli or speak and shows abnormal posturing in response to pain, such as decorticate (flexion of arms and extension of legs) or decerebrate (extension of arms and legs).

A. Education about mastoidectomy B. A referral for a hearing test C. Education on administration of oral antibiotics D. A prescription for an antifungal cream

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because education about mastoidectomy is not relevant for a client with an upper respiratory infection. Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure that removes part or all of the mastoid bone behind the ear, which can become infected or inflamed due to chronic or recurrent middle ear infections. The nurse should assess
the client's ear for signs of mastoiditis, such as swelling, tenderness, or redness behind the ear, but mastoidectomy is not a common or first-line treatment for upper respiratory infection.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because a referral for a hearing test is not necessary for a client with an upper respiratory infection. Hearing test is a diagnostic tool that measures how well a person can hear different sounds at different frequencies and intensities. The nurse should ask the client about any changes in hearing or tinnitus, which are possible complications of upper respiratory infection, but a hearing test is not a routine or urgent intervention for this condition.
Choice C reason: This is correct because education on the administration of oral antibiotics can help treat an upper respiratory infection. Antibiotics are drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria that cause infections. Upper respiratory infections can be caused by various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi, but bacterial infections are more likely to cause fever, otalgia, or purulent nasal drainage. The nurse should instruct the client on how to take antibiotics as prescribed, such as dosage, frequency, duration, side effects, and interactions.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because a prescription for an antifungal cream is not appropriate for a client with an upper respiratory infection. Antifungal cream is a topical medication that kills or inhibits fungi that cause skin infections. Upper respiratory infection is not a skin infection, but an infection of the nose, throat, or sinuses. Antifungal cream has no effect on upper respiratory infection and may cause adverse effects or resistance.

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A client returns to the clinic for follow-up treatment after a skin biopsy of a suspicious lesion performed 1 week ago. The biopsy report indicates that the lesion is a melanoma. The nurse understands that melanoma has which characteristics?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

After completing a neurological assessment, the nurse documents that the client is stuporous. Which of the following describes this level of consciousness?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client arrives with an upper respiratory infection and complains of otalgia, malaise, and nasal drainage. The client's temperature is 100.7 F. Which of the following will the nurse anticipate providing to the client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

When providing information to a client in the rehabilitative phase of a burn injury, which of the following will the nurse identify as the goal?

The client inquires what the positive result from the potassium hydroxide (KOH) test indicates. Which of the following is an accurate response by the nurse?

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The results of a client's audiogram indicate that the client has hearing at 15 decibels (dB). What action should the nurse take when communicating to the client?

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