A nurse in an ophthalmology clinic is interviewing a client who was referred by his primary care provider for suspicion of cataracts. Which of the following findings is consistent with manifestations of cataracts?
Loss of peripheral vision
A decreased ability to perceive colors
Loss of central vision
Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because loss of peripheral vision is not a manifestation of cataracts, but of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition that causes increased pressure inside the eye and damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to loss of vision in the outer edges of the visual field. The nurse should assess the client's intraocular pressure and visual field test results to rule out glaucoma.
Choice B reason: This is correct because a decreased ability to perceive colors is a manifestation of cataracts. Cataracts are a condition that causes clouding or opacity of the lens, which is the transparent structure behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina. Cataracts can reduce the clarity and contrast of vision and make colors appear faded or yellowish. The nurse should ask the client about any changes in color perception or brightness of objects.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because loss of central vision is not a manifestation of cataracts but of macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is a condition that affects the macula, which is the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. Macular degeneration can cause blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, or dark spots in the visual field. The nurse should assess the client's visual acuity and fundoscopic examination results to rule out macular degeneration.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because seeing bright flashes of light and floaters is not a manifestation of cataracts but of retinal detachment. Retinal detachment is a condition that occurs when the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that converts light into nerve impulses, separates from its underlying support tissue. Retinal detachment can cause sudden flashes of light, floaters, or shadows in the visual field. The nurse should refer the client to an ophthalmologist immediately if retinal detachment is suspected.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is correct because macular degeneration is a condition that affects the macula, which is the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. Macular degeneration can cause blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, or dark spots in the visual field.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because glaucoma is a condition that affects the optic nerve, which is the nerve that connects the eye to the brain and carries visual signals. Glaucoma can cause increased pressure inside the eye, damage to the optic nerve, and loss of peripheral vision.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because diabetic retinopathy is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that converts light into nerve impulses. Diabetic retinopathy can cause bleeding, swelling, or leakage of fluid in the retina, and loss of vision in any part of the visual field.
Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because cataract is a condition that affects the lens, which is the transparent structure behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina. Cataract can cause clouding or opacity of the lens, and reduced vision in all parts of the visual field.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect. Inability to read is not a finding that the nurse should expect in a client who has meningitis, but rather a possible finding in a client who has a stroke or a brain tumor. Meningitis does not affect the language or cognitive functions, but rather the meninges or the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
Choice B Reason: This choice is incorrect. Bruising around the eyes is not a finding that the nurse should expect in a client who has meningitis, but rather a possible finding in a client who has a basilar skull fracture or a head trauma. Meningitis does not cause bleeding or bruising, but rather inflammation and infection of the meninges.
Choice C Reason: This is the correct choice. A throbbing headache is a finding that the nurse should expect in a client who has meningitis, as it is one of the most common and characteristic symptoms. A throbbing headache is caused by increased intracranial pressure and irritation of the meninges due to inflammation and infection.
Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect. A heart rate of 50 is not a finding that the nurse should expect in a client who has meningitis, but rather a possible finding in a client who has bradycardia or a slow heart rate. Meningitis does not affect the heart rate, but rather the temperature and blood pressure. The nurse should expect to see fever and hypotension in a client who has meningitis.
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