A nurse is teaching a client about diagnostic vision tests. The nurse should include that which of the following tests is performed to diagnose macular degeneration?

Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect. Instilling eye drops in both eyes every hour around the clock is not an information that the nurse will provide, as it is not a recommended treatment for chronic bilateral inflammation of the eyelid margins. This condition is also known as blepharitis, which is a common and chronic disorder that causes redness, itching, burning, and crusting of the eyelids. Eye drops may be used to relieve symptoms, but not every hour or without a prescription.

Choice B Reason: This choice is incorrect. Using sterile gloves when assisting with activities of daily living is not an information that the nurse will provide, as it is not a necessary precaution for chronic bilateral inflammation of the eyelid margins. Blepharitis is not contagious or infectious, but rather caused by an overgrowth of bacteria or mites on the eyelids, or by an underlying skin condition such as seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea.

Choice C Reason: This is the correct choice. Using baby shampoo on the eyelid margins is an information that the nurse will provide, as it is a simple and effective way to clean and soothe the eyelids. Baby shampoo is gentle and non-irritating, and can help remove excess oil, debris, and scales from the eyelids. The nurse will instruct the caregiver to dilute a few drops of baby shampoo with warm water, apply it to a cotton ball or washcloth, and gently rub it along the eyelid margins. The nurse will also advise to rinse well with water and pat dry with a clean towel.

Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect. Using a salt scrub inside the eyelid is not an information that the nurse will provide, as it is a harmful and painful method that can damage and irritate the eye. Salt scrub is abrasive and drying, and can cause corneal abrasion, infection, or inflammation. The nurse will warn the caregiver to avoid using any harsh or unapproved products on or near the eye.

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because loss of peripheral vision is not a manifestation of cataracts, but of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition that causes increased pressure inside the eye and damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to loss of vision in the outer edges of the visual field. The nurse should assess the client's intraocular pressure and visual field test results to rule out glaucoma.
Choice B reason: This is correct because a decreased ability to perceive colors is a manifestation of cataracts. Cataracts are a condition that causes clouding or opacity of the lens, which is the transparent structure behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina. Cataracts can reduce the clarity and contrast of vision and make colors appear faded or yellowish. The nurse should ask the client about any changes in color perception or brightness of objects.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because loss of central vision is not a manifestation of cataracts but of macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is a condition that affects the macula, which is the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. Macular degeneration can cause blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, or dark spots in the visual field. The nurse should assess the client's visual acuity and fundoscopic examination results to rule out macular degeneration.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because seeing bright flashes of light and floaters is not a manifestation of cataracts but of retinal detachment. Retinal detachment is a condition that occurs when the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that converts light into nerve impulses, separates from its underlying support tissue. Retinal detachment can cause sudden flashes of light, floaters, or shadows in the visual field. The nurse should refer the client to an ophthalmologist immediately if retinal detachment is suspected.