A client is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following Instructions should the nurse include?

"Reduce intake of potassium-rich foods."

"Take this medication before bedtime."

"Avoid grape juice.'

"Monitor for leg cramps."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) "Reduce intake of potassium-rich foods":
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication that can cause potassium loss through increased urinary excretion. Therefore, instructing the client to reduce intake of potassium-rich foods could further decrease potassium levels, leading to hypokalemia. Instead, clients taking hydrochlorothiazide should be encouraged to consume potassium-rich foods to help maintain normal potassium levels, unless otherwise instructed by their healthcare provider.

B) "Take this medication before bedtime":
While hydrochlorothiazide can be taken once daily, it is typically recommended to take it in the morning rather than before bedtime. Taking the medication earlier in the day can help minimize the need to wake up during the night to urinate, as it is a diuretic that increases urine production. Therefore, instructing the client to take hydrochlorothiazide before bedtime is not the optimal recommendation.

C) "Avoid grape juice":
There is no significant interaction between hydrochlorothiazide and grape juice. In general, grapefruit juice is known to interact with certain medications by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, affecting drug metabolism. However, grape juice is not known to interact with hydrochlorothiazide, so advising the client to avoid grape juice is not necessary.

D) "Monitor for leg cramps":
This is the correct instruction. Leg cramps can be a potential side effect of hydrochlorothiazide therapy due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. By monitoring for leg cramps, the client can promptly report any symptoms to their healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. This instruction promotes client safety and awareness of potential adverse effects associated with the medication."

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) The client should try to take in all of the required dietary fiber with the morning meal:
While it's beneficial for clients to consume dietary fiber with meals to promote regular bowel movements, focusing solely on the morning meal may not provide adequate fiber intake throughout the day. It's essential for clients with chronic constipation to maintain a consistent intake of dietary fiber with each meal and snack.

B) The client should drink two to three 8 oz glasses of water each day:
Hydration is important for overall bowel health, but simply drinking water may not be sufficient to alleviate chronic constipation. While increasing fluid intake can help soften stools and prevent constipation, the amount of water needed varies among individuals. It's important for clients to drink enough fluids throughout the day to maintain hydration and support gastrointestinal function.

C) The client should follow a high-fiber diet to establish bowel regularity:
This is the correct answer. Increasing dietary fiber intake is a cornerstone of managing chronic constipation. A high-fiber diet can help add bulk to stools, improve bowel motility, and establish regularity. The nurse should educate the client about incorporating fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes into their daily diet to promote optimal bowel function.

D) The client should be taught that the goal of therapy is to have a bowel movement daily:
While having a daily bowel movement may be a reasonable goal for some individuals, it's not universally applicable to all clients with chronic constipation. Bowel habits vary among individuals, and the frequency of bowel movements needed to establish regularity depends on factors such as diet, activity level, and overall health. The focus of therapy should be on achieving comfortable and regular bowel movements rather than a specific frequency.

A. The parasympathetic nervous system B. The limbic system C. The central nervous system D. The sympathetic nervous system

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) The parasympathetic nervous system:
This is the correct answer. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating rest and digestion. It controls activities such as increased gastric motility, secretion of digestive enzymes, and relaxation of sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system promotes digestion and absorption of nutrients by increasing gastrointestinal activity.

B) The limbic system:
The limbic system is primarily involved in emotions, behavior, and long-term memory formation. While emotions can influence gastrointestinal function, including appetite and digestion, the limbic system itself does not directly control gastric motility and digestion.

C) The central nervous system:
The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord and plays a vital role in integrating and coordinating all body activities. While it indirectly influences gastrointestinal function through autonomic nervous system control, it is not the primary regulator of gastric motility and digestion.

D) The sympathetic nervous system:
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response, which involves activities such as increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow away from the digestive organs to skeletal muscles during times of stress or arousal. It typically inhibits digestive processes, including gastric motility, to conserve energy for immediate survival needs.

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A client is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following Instructions should the nurse include?

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