What assessment should the nurse make before administering beta-adrenergic blocking agents?

Here's the calculation:

Total volume of enteral nutrition (mL): 840 mL

Infusion time (hours): 24 hours

Flow rate (mL/hr) = Total volume (mL) / Infusion time (hours)

Flow rate (mL/hr) = 840 mL / 24 hours = 35 mL/hr (round to nearest whole number as requested)

Therefore, the nurse should program the pump to deliver 35 mL/hr.

A) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA):
Obstructive sleep apnea is a known risk factor for the development of hypertension. During episodes of sleep apnea, breathing repeatedly stops and starts, leading to disruptions in normal sleep patterns and potentially contributing to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which can elevate blood pressure over time.

B) The choice B was incorrect. While a diet high in potassium is generally associated with lower blood pressure due to its beneficial effects on blood vessel function and fluid balance, it is not considered a risk factor for developing hypertension. In fact, potassium-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and legumes are often recommended as part of a heart-healthy diet to help manage blood pressure.

C) The choice C was incorrect. A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 70 mg/dL is actually considered beneficial for cardiovascular health. HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of plaque buildup in the arteries. Having a high HDL level is typically associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension.

D) The choice D was incorrect. Benazepril is actually an antihypertensive medication, specifically an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is used to treat hypertension, not as a risk factor for its development. ACE inhibitors work by relaxing blood vessels, which helps lower blood pressure. While taking certain medications like benazepril may contribute to the management of hypertension, they are not considered risk factors for its development.

E) Cigarette smoking:
Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for the development of hypertension. Smoking cigarettes can lead to the constriction of blood vessels, increased heart rate, and damage to the lining of blood vessels, all of which can elevate blood pressure. Additionally, the chemicals in tobacco smoke can contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, further exacerbating cardiovascular risk factors. Smoking cessation is an essential component of hypertension management and overall cardiovascular health.