The client has been ordered a nonselective beta-blocking agent called propranolol, PO. Propranolol is used in the treatment of which disorders (Select All that Apply.)
Hypoglycemia
Arrhythmias
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Angina
Correct Answer : B,C,E
A) Hypoglycemia:
Propranolol, a nonselective beta-blocking agent, can mask some of the symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as tachycardia and tremors, by blocking the sympathetic response. Therefore, it is not typically used in the treatment of hypoglycemia and may even exacerbate low blood sugar levels.
B) Arrhythmias:
Propranolol is commonly used in the treatment of various cardiac arrhythmias. By blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, it reduces the heart rate and myocardial contractility, thereby helping to control arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.
C) Hypertension:
Propranolol is effective in lowering blood pressure and is often prescribed for the management of hypertension. Its beta-blocking action reduces cardiac output and suppresses renin release, leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure.
D) Hypokalemia:
Propranolol does not have a direct role in the treatment of hypokalemia. While it can potentially exacerbate hypokalemia through its effects on potassium metabolism, it is not a primary treatment for this electrolyte imbalance.
E) Angina:
Propranolol is indicated for the treatment of angina pectoris, particularly in cases of stable angina. By reducing myocardial oxygen demand through its negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, it helps relieve anginal symptoms and improve exercise tolerance."
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) By blocking the effects of histamine in the body:
Antihistamines are pharmacological agents that work by antagonizing the effects of histamine, a chemical mediator released by mast cells and basophils in response to allergens or other triggers. Histamine contributes to various allergic symptoms such as itching, sneezing, nasal congestion, and watery eyes. Antihistamines exert their effects by competitively binding to histamine receptors (specifically H1 receptors) on target cells, thereby preventing histamine from binding and exerting its physiological effects. By blocking histamine receptors, antihistamines inhibit the action of histamine, leading to the alleviation of allergy symptoms.
B) By reducing inflammation in the body:
While some medications, such as corticosteroids, exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the immune response and inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators, antihistamines primarily target histamine receptors and do not directly reduce inflammation. Although histamine release can contribute to inflammation, antihistamines mitigate allergic symptoms primarily by blocking the action of histamine rather than by directly reducing inflammation.
C) By increasing the production of histamine in the body:
This statement is inaccurate. Antihistamines do not increase the production of histamine; instead, they counteract the effects of histamine by blocking its activity at receptor sites. The primary mechanism of action of antihistamines involves blocking histamine receptors to prevent histamine from exerting its physiological effects.
D) By stimulating the immune system:
Antihistamines do not stimulate the immune system. Instead, they act as antagonists to histamine receptors, thereby inhibiting histamine-induced responses. While histamine is involved in immune responses and allergic reactions, antihistamines do not directly modulate immune function or stimulate immune activity. Their primary role is to alleviate allergy symptoms by blocking the effects of histamine."
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) The parasympathetic nervous system:
This is the correct answer. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating rest and digestion. It controls activities such as increased gastric motility, secretion of digestive enzymes, and relaxation of sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system promotes digestion and absorption of nutrients by increasing gastrointestinal activity.
B) The limbic system:
The limbic system is primarily involved in emotions, behavior, and long-term memory formation. While emotions can influence gastrointestinal function, including appetite and digestion, the limbic system itself does not directly control gastric motility and digestion.
C) The central nervous system:
The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord and plays a vital role in integrating and coordinating all body activities. While it indirectly influences gastrointestinal function through autonomic nervous system control, it is not the primary regulator of gastric motility and digestion.
D) The sympathetic nervous system:
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response, which involves activities such as increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow away from the digestive organs to skeletal muscles during times of stress or arousal. It typically inhibits digestive processes, including gastric motility, to conserve energy for immediate survival needs.
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