A patient with COPD would be expected to have

loss of protective respiratory mechanisms due to prolonged irritation or damage.

localized swelling and Inflammation within the lungs.

an acute viral Infection of the respiratory tract.

inflammation and swelling of the sinus membranes over a prolonged period.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Loss of protective respiratory mechanisms due to prolonged irritation or damage:
Individuals with COPD often experience a progressive loss of protective respiratory mechanisms over time. Chronic exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke leads to inflammation, structural changes in the airways, and destruction of lung tissue, impairing the body's ability to clear mucus, trap foreign particles, and maintain normal lung function. This loss of protective mechanisms contributes to the hallmark symptoms of COPD, including airflow limitation, chronic cough, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections.

B) Localized swelling and inflammation within the lungs:
While inflammation is a hallmark feature of COPD, it typically manifests as widespread inflammation throughout the lungs rather than localized swelling. In COPD, chronic exposure to irritants leads to a systemic inflammatory response that affects the entire respiratory tract, including the bronchi and alveoli. This inflammation contributes to airway obstruction, mucus hypersecretion, and the development of respiratory symptoms.

C) An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract:
While individuals with COPD are at increased risk of respiratory infections, including viral infections such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COPD itself is a chronic, progressive respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Acute viral infections may exacerbate COPD symptoms and lead to worsening respiratory function, but they are not inherent features of the disease itself.

D) Inflammation and swelling of the sinus membranes over a prolonged period:
Sinus inflammation and swelling, known as sinusitis, are not typically considered primary features of COPD. While individuals with COPD may experience comorbid conditions such as chronic rhinosinusitis, which can contribute to respiratory symptoms and exacerbations, sinus inflammation is not a defining characteristic of the disease.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Increasing GI motility and promoting bowel movements:
Laxatives work by increasing gastrointestinal motility, which stimulates the movement of fecal matter through the intestines. This promotes bowel movements and helps alleviate constipation.

B) Preventing incontinent clients from soiling themselves:
Laxatives are not typically used to prevent incontinence. Their primary function is to relieve constipation by promoting bowel movements.

C) Reducing inflammation in the intestinal lining:
Laxatives do not have a direct effect on reducing inflammation in the intestinal lining. They primarily act on bowel motility to facilitate the passage of stool.

D) Suppressing the immune response that causes inflammation:
Laxatives do not suppress the immune response or treat inflammation. They are specifically designed to relieve constipation by promoting bowel movements."

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

Here's how to find the volume the nurse should administer:

Medication dose to be administered: 250 mg

Available medication concentration: 1000 mg/8 mL

We need to find the volume (in mL) that contains the desired dose (250 mg) of hydrocortisone sodium succinate.

Set up a proportion:

Desired dose (mg) : Volume to administer (mL) = Concentration (mg/mL) : Available volume (mL)

In this case:

Desired dose (mg) = 250 mg

Concentration (mg/mL) = 1000 mg/8 mL (available concentration)

Volume to administer (mL) = Unknown (what we need to find)

Available volume (mL) = 8 mL (volume of solution containing the concentrated medication)

Solve for the volume to administer (mL):

Volume to administer (mL) = (Desired dose (mg) x Available volume (mL)) / Concentration (mg/mL)

Volume to administer (mL) = (250 mg x 8 mL) / 1000 mg/mL

Calculate the volume:

Volume to administer (mL) = 2000 mg / 1000 mg/mL

Volume to administer (mL) = 2 mL (round to nearest whole number as requested)

Therefore, the nurse should administer approximately 2 mL of the hydrocortisone sodium succinate solution.

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A patient with COPD would be expected to have

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse explains the action of laxatives as doing what?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

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