A nurse is explaining myasthenia gravis to a family. Which of the following points would be included in the explanation? (Select All that Apply.)

Is it caused by demyelination of the nerve fibers.

Is it thought to be an autoimmune disease.

It is associated with destruction of acetylcholine receptor sites.

Once symptoms present, it has a 5-year survival rate.

It is a chronic and progressive muscular disease.

Is it best treated with antibiotics.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A) Is it caused by demyelination of the nerve fibers:
Myasthenia gravis is not primarily caused by demyelination of nerve fibers. It is characterized by dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction, specifically involving the acetylcholine receptors.

B) Is it thought to be an autoimmune disease:
This is correct. Myasthenia gravis is considered an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly targets and attacks its own tissues, particularly the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

C) It is associated with destruction of acetylcholine receptor sites:
This is correct. In myasthenia gravis, there is a reduction in the number of functional acetylcholine receptors due to autoimmune-mediated destruction or blocking of these receptors.

D) Once symptoms present, it has a 5-year survival rate:
This statement is inaccurate. Myasthenia gravis is a chronic condition, but survival rates are not determined by the onset of symptoms. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with myasthenia gravis can manage their symptoms effectively and have a normal life expectancy.

E) It is a chronic and progressive muscular disease:
This is correct. Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue. While it is chronic, it is not necessarily progressive in all cases, as symptoms may stabilize or improve with treatment.

F) Is it best treated with antibiotics:
Antibiotics are not the primary treatment for myasthenia gravis. Treatment typically involves medications that enhance neuromuscular transmission, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or immunosuppressive drugs, along with other supportive measures.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is the correct response. ACE inhibitors are known to cause a persistent, dry, and irritating cough in some individuals. This adverse effect occurs due to the accumulation of bradykinin and other substances in the lungs, leading to increased sensitivity of the cough reflex. The cough typically resolves upon discontinuation of the ACE inhibitor.

B) Respiratory depression:
Respiratory depression is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors do not directly affect respiratory drive or function in the central nervous system. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

C) Spontaneous pneumothorax:
Spontaneous pneumothorax is not a typical adverse effect associated with ACE inhibitor use. ACE inhibitors do not directly cause the development of pneumothorax, which is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

D) Pneumonia:
While ACE inhibitors can increase the risk of respiratory infections due to their effect on the immune system, pneumonia is not a specific adverse effect associated with ACE inhibitor use. Pneumonia is typically caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, rather than being a direct effect of ACE inhibitors. Therefore, this option is incorrect.”

A. Pulmonary artery B. Left atrium C. Left ventricle D. Pulmonary veins

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Pulmonary artery:
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This is the correct starting location for blood flow from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circulation.

B) Left atrium:
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it into the left ventricle, not from the right ventricle to the lungs.

C) Left ventricle:
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation, not from the right ventricle to the lungs.

D) Pulmonary veins:
The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart, not from the right ventricle to the lungs."

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A nurse is explaining myasthenia gravis to a family. Which of the following points would be included in the explanation? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

ACE inhibitors work on the RAAS to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Because this blocking occurs in the cells in the lung, which is usually the site of this conversion, the use of ACE inhibitors often results in

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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