A client is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. The nurse should do which of the following pre-procedure tasks? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

withhold food and oral fluids before the procedure

review medications the client has taken in the last 24 hours

verify that written consent has been obtained

check for iodine sensitivity

administer all ordered oral medications

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

Withhold food and oral fluids before the procedure

Withholding food and oral fluids before the procedure is essential to prevent complications during the cardiac catheterization. The client is typically NPO (nothing by mouth) for a specified period before the procedure.

B. Review medications the client has taken in the last 24 hours

Reviewing the client's medications is crucial to ensure that any medications affecting coagulation or blood vessels are appropriately managed before the cardiac catheterization.

C. Verify that written consent has been obtained

Verifying the presence of written consent is a critical step to confirm that the client has been adequately informed about the procedure, its risks, and benefits, and has given consent for the cardiac catheterization.

D. Check for iodine sensitivity

Checking for iodine sensitivity is important because iodinated contrast dye is commonly used during cardiac catheterization. Allergies or sensitivities to iodine contrast must be identified to prevent adverse reactions.

E. Administer all ordered oral medications

Administration of oral medications before the procedure depends on the specific medications and the healthcare provider's instructions. Some medications may be held, while others may be continued as prescribed.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Standard precautions:

Standard precautions are the basic level of infection control and should be used for all patient care. These precautions include practices like hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and safe injection practices.

B. Airborne precautions:

These precautions are used to prevent the transmission of infectious agents that are spread through the air. In the case of tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, airborne precautions are necessary to reduce the risk of airborne transmission.

C. Contact precautions:

Contact precautions are used for patients with known or suspected infections that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact. Examples include Clostridium difficile infection and multidrug-resistant organisms. These precautions involve the use of PPE and may include patient placement in a private room.

D. Droplet precautions:

Droplet precautions are used when a patient is known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that are transmitted by respiratory droplets. Examples include influenza and certain types of bacterial meningitis. These precautions include placing the patient in a private room and using PPE.

A. “A single elevated blood pressure does not confirm hypertension. A diagnosis of hypertension requires two or more elevated readings taken by your physician before a diagnosis can be made.” B. “We will need to reevaluate your blood pressure because your age places you at high risk for hypertension.” C. “Hypertension is prevalent among men: it is fortunate we caught this during your routine examination.” D. “You have no need to worry. Your pressure is probably elevated because you are being tested.”

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "A single elevated blood pressure does not confirm hypertension. A diagnosis of hypertension requires two or more elevated readings taken by your physician before a diagnosis can be made."

This response emphasizes the need for multiple elevated readings for a diagnosis of hypertension. It educates the individual about the diagnostic criteria and encourages them to seek further evaluation from their physician.

B. "We will need to reevaluate your blood pressure because your age places you at high risk for hypertension."

This response might be seen as implying that age alone is a significant factor in determining hypertension, which may not be accurate. While age is a risk factor, the emphasis should be on the need for multiple readings and a physician's evaluation rather than attributing it solely to age.

C. "Hypertension is prevalent among men: it is fortunate we caught this during your routine examination."

This response suggests that the elevated blood pressure is automatically assumed to be hypertension based on gender. It is important to avoid making assumptions and instead focus on the need for proper evaluation and multiple readings for a hypertension diagnosis.

D. "You have no need to worry. Your pressure is probably elevated because you are being tested."

This response dismisses the individual's concerns and attributes the elevated blood pressure solely to the testing situation. While stress or anxiety can influence blood pressure readings, it's essential to address the need for further evaluation and not completely disregard the possibility of hypertension.

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