An older adult is newly diagnosed with primary hypertension, and has just been started on a beta-blocker. What information should the nurse include in the health education for this client?

Maintaining a diet high in dairy to increase protein necessary to prevent organ damage

Use of strategies to prevent falls stemming from postural hypotension

Limiting exercise to avoid injury that can be caused by increased intracranial pressure

Increasing fluids to avoid extracellular volume depletion from the diuretic effects of the beta-blocker

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Maintaining a diet high in dairy to increase protein necessary to prevent organ damage

Explanation: This statement is not accurate. While a balanced diet is important, there is no specific recommendation to maintain a diet high in dairy to prevent organ damage related to hypertension.

B. Use of strategies to prevent falls stemming from postural hypotension

Explanation: This is a correct and important consideration. Beta-blockers can cause postural hypotension (a drop in blood pressure upon standing), and strategies to prevent falls, such as rising slowly from a sitting or lying position, are crucial.

C. Limiting exercise to avoid injury that can be caused by increased intracranial pressure

Explanation: This statement is not accurate. Exercise is generally beneficial for individuals with hypertension, and beta-blockers do not cause increased intracranial pressure.

D. Increasing fluids to avoid extracellular volume depletion from the diuretic effects of the beta-blocker

Explanation: This statement is not accurate. Beta-blockers are not typically associated with diuretic effects. Diuretics are a different class of medications commonly used for hypertension.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Monitor daily weights and urine output.

Monitoring daily weights and urine output is an important aspect of managing heart failure or other cardiac conditions. However, in the context of a client with chest pain, ST elevation, and elevated cardiac enzymes (indicating a myocardial infarction), the immediate focus is on addressing the acute event and reducing myocardial oxygen demand.

B. Administer TPA to prevent further damage as a result of a clot.

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is a thrombolytic medication that can be administered to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries during a myocardial infarction. However, the administration of TPA has a specific timeframe within which it is most effective. It is crucial to know the elapsed time since the onset of symptoms, and there are specific criteria and contraindications for its use.

C. Provide client education on medications and diet to prevent recurrence.

Client education on medications, lifestyle modifications, and dietary changes is an essential component of long-term management for preventing recurrence of cardiovascular events. However, during the acute phase of a myocardial infarction, the immediate priority is to stabilize the client and address the acute event, with education being a secondary consideration.

D. Reduce pain and myocardial oxygen demand.

During the acute phase of a myocardial infarction, reducing pain and myocardial oxygen demand is the highest priority. This is typically achieved through the administration of medications such as nitroglycerin for vasodilation and opioids for pain relief. Other interventions to optimize oxygen supply and demand, such as supplemental oxygen and reperfusion strategies, may also be considered.

A. The client now has developed a myocardial infarction B. The client has developed Prinzimetal’s angina. C. The client now has stable angina. D. The client now has unstable angina.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The client now has developed a myocardial infarction:

A myocardial infarction (heart attack) is characterized by prolonged ischemia leading to damage or death of heart muscle cells. While the symptoms described could be concerning for a heart attack, the term "myocardial infarction" would typically imply a more sustained and severe ischemic event.

B. The client has developed Prinzmetal's angina:

Prinzmetal's angina, also known as variant angina, is characterized by chest pain that usually occurs at rest and is caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries. The given scenario does not specifically describe the typical characteristics of Prinzmetal's angina.

C. The client now has stable angina:

Stable angina typically follows a predictable pattern and is relieved with rest and/or nitroglycerin. However, the scenario describes a change in the usual pattern of chest pain.

D. The client now has unstable angina:

Unstable angina is characterized by a change in the usual pattern of stable angina, often occurring at rest or with minimal exertion and not relieved by usual measures. This option seems to align with the information provided.

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An older adult is newly diagnosed with primary hypertension, and has just been started on a beta-blocker. What information should the nurse include in the health education for this client?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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