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An emergency department nurse is assessing an adult woman for a suspected myocardial infarction (MI). When planning the assessment, the nurse should be aware that female patients may have which of the following symptoms for an MI? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Shortness of breath

Anxiety

Unusual fatigue

Back pain

Chest pain

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

A. Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath can be a symptom of a myocardial infarction in both men and women.

B. Anxiety

Anxiety can be a symptom in some cases, as individuals may feel a sense of impending doom or anxiety during an MI.

C. Unusual fatigue

Unusual fatigue, especially if it is severe or occurs with exertion, can be a symptom of a myocardial infarction.

D. Back pain

Back pain, particularly between the shoulder blades, can be a symptom of a myocardial infarction in women.

E. Chest pain

Chest pain or discomfort is a classic symptom of a myocardial infarction. While women may experience chest pain, they are also more likely than men to have atypical symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Standard precautions:

Standard precautions are the basic level of infection control and should be used for all patient care. These precautions include practices like hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and safe injection practices.

B. Airborne precautions:

These precautions are used to prevent the transmission of infectious agents that are spread through the air. In the case of tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, airborne precautions are necessary to reduce the risk of airborne transmission.

C. Contact precautions:

Contact precautions are used for patients with known or suspected infections that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact. Examples include Clostridium difficile infection and multidrug-resistant organisms. These precautions involve the use of PPE and may include patient placement in a private room.

D. Droplet precautions:

Droplet precautions are used when a patient is known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that are transmitted by respiratory droplets. Examples include influenza and certain types of bacterial meningitis. These precautions include placing the patient in a private room and using PPE.

A. The client with a history of a myocardial infarction who has a p wave before every QRS complex. B. The client diagnosed with heart failure who has bilateral 2+ pitting pedal edema. C. The client with sinus bradycardia (HR 56/min) that is reporting fatigue. D. The client diagnosed with coronary artery disease who is now reporting new onset of severe indigestion.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The client with a history of a myocardial infarction who has a p wave before every QRS complex.

This may indicate a heart block, which requires attention. However, it's not an immediate life-threatening situation.

B. The client diagnosed with heart failure who has bilateral 2+ pitting pedal edema.

Bilateral pitting pedal edema is a sign of fluid overload, which is concerning and requires attention.

C. The client with sinus bradycardia (HR 56/min) that is reporting fatigue.

While bradycardia and fatigue are concerns, they might not be as urgent as the client with fluid overload.

D. The client diagnosed with coronary artery disease who is now reporting new onset of severe indigestion.

New onset of severe indigestion in a client with coronary artery disease raises concern for a potential cardiac event, and this should be addressed promptly.

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An emergency department nurse is assessing an adult woman for a suspected myocardial infarction (MI). When planning the assessment, the nurse should be aware that female patients may have which of the following symptoms for an MI? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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