The nurse is caring for a patient who has decreased mobility. Which intervention is a simple and cost-effective method for reducing the risks of stasis of pulmonary secretions and decreased chest wall expansion?

A. International normalized ratio (INR):

INR is a test used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy, particularly drugs like warfarin. It measures the time it takes for blood to clot. It's not directly related to assessing heart failure but is more associated with monitoring anticoagulation status.

B. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP):

BNP is a peptide released by the heart in response to increased pressure and volume in the heart, often seen in heart failure. Elevated BNP levels can indicate the presence of heart failure. It's a useful diagnostic marker for heart failure.

C. Troponin:

Troponin is a protein released into the blood when there is damage to the heart muscle, usually during a heart attack. It is not specific to heart failure but is commonly used to diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack).

D. Creatinine:

Creatinine is a waste product that comes from the normal wear and tear on muscles. While elevated creatinine levels can be seen in conditions affecting kidney function, it's not a direct marker for assessing heart failure. However, kidney function is often evaluated in conjunction with heart failure assessments.

A. Limit physical activity

Limiting physical activity is not a primary goal in heart failure care. In fact, promoting appropriate and monitored physical activity is often part of the overall management plan. Exercise, when tailored to the client's condition, can improve functional status and quality of life.

B. Prevent endocarditis

While preventing endocarditis is important for individuals with certain cardiac conditions, it is not a primary goal in the care of heart failure. The focus is typically on optimizing cardiac function and managing heart failure symptoms.

C. Relieve the patient’s symptoms

Managing and relieving symptoms, such as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, are crucial goals in heart failure care. This includes optimizing medication management and other therapeutic interventions.

D. Extend survival

While heart failure is a chronic condition, the goal is to optimize treatment to improve the client's prognosis and overall survival. This involves the use of evidence-based therapies to address the underlying causes and contributing factors.

E. Improve functional status

Enhancing the client's ability to perform activities of daily living and improving functional capacity are important goals. This can involve a combination of medications, lifestyle modifications, and rehabilitation.