A client experiencing an acute dystonic reaction presents with a laryngeal spasm. Which treatment should the nurse prepare?

Intravenous administration of benztropine.

Oral administration of divalproex.

Intravenous administration of isotonic crystalloid fluid.

Oral administration of lorazepam.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A)   Correct - Acute dystonic reactions are involuntary muscle spasms caused by certain medications, including antipsychotic drugs. These reactions can sometimes affect the muscles of the face and neck, including the larynx. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat acute dystonic reactions. It works by blocking certain neurotransmitters that contribute to muscle spasms, helping to relieve the symptoms.

B)   Incorrect - Divalproex is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It is not the appropriate treatment for acute dystonic reactions. These reactions are usually caused by certain antipsychotic medications and are characterized by sudden and involuntary muscle contractions. Divalproex does not have the specific mechanism of action needed to alleviate the symptoms of acute dystonic reactions.
C)   Incorrect - Isotonic crystalloid fluids are used for various purposes, such as fluid resuscitation, maintaining hydration, and balancing electrolytes. However, they are not a treatment for acute dystonic reactions. These reactions are neurological and musculoskeletal in nature and require medications with specific anticholinergic properties, like benztropine, to address the underlying issue.
D)   Incorrect - Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine commonly used for anxiety, sedation, and seizure control. While it can have a relaxing effect on muscles, it is not the first-line treatment for acute dystonic reactions. Anticholinergic medications like benztropine are more appropriate because they directly counteract the neurotransmitter imbalances that lead to muscle spasms in these reactions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Incorrect- Liver enzymes are important for assessing liver function, but they are not the primary concern when a client with chronic kidney disease is feeling increasingly tired. Epoetin alfa injections are used to stimulate red blood cell production, so the nurse should review a laboratory value related to anemia.
B) Correct- Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates the production of red blood cells and is often used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. A complete blood count (CBC) would provide information about red blood cell levels, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, which are essential for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.
C) Incorrect- Serum electrolytes are important for assessing overall kidney function and electrolyte balance, but the primary concern here is the client's increasing fatigue. Reviewing a value related to anemia and red blood cell production would be more appropriate.
D) Incorrect- Platelet count is important for assessing blood clotting function, but it's not directly related to the client's increasing fatigue. Anemia-related laboratory values should be the focus.

A. The vaccine is not useful if you have ever had a case of shingles. B. If you are 60 or older, the one-time vaccination is recommended C. You do not need to get this vaccination if you have had chicken pox D. The vaccination minimizes outbreaks of cold sores

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The Herpes zoster (shingles) vaccination is recommended for adults aged 60 years and older, regardless of whether they have had shingles or chicken pox before. The vaccine can reduce the risk of developing shingles and its complications, such as postherpetic neuralgia.

The other options are not correct because:

a. The vaccine is useful even if the person has had a case of shingles before, as shingles can recur in some people. The vaccine can prevent or reduce the severity of future episodes.

c. The person needs to get this vaccination even if they have had chicken pox, as shingles is caused by the reactivation of the same virus that causes chicken pox (varicella-zoster virus). The vaccine can boost the immunity against the virus and prevent it from reactivating.

d. The vaccination does not minimize outbreaks of cold sores, as cold sores are caused by a diﬀerent virus (herpes simplex virus). The vaccine has no eﬀect on this virus or its symptoms.

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A client experiencing an acute dystonic reaction presents with a laryngeal spasm. Which treatment should the nurse prepare?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with chronic kidney disease reports to the nurse of feeling increasingly tired. The client receives injections for epoetin alfa three times a week. Which laboratory value should the nurse review?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

An older adult female asks the practical nurse (PN) if she should get a Herpes zoster (shingles) vaccination because she gets cold sores on her mouth when she is sick or stressed. Which response should the PN provide?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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