The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client whose urine drug screen is positive for cocaine. Which behavior is this client likely to exhibit during cocaine withdrawal?
Elevated energy level.
High self-esteem.
Euphoria.
Powerful craving for more.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is Choice d. Powerful craving for more.
Rationale:
Cocaine withdrawal symptoms are primarily psychological and emotional, rather than physical. While some physical symptoms may occur, such as fatigue and muscle aches, the most prominent and concerning aspects of withdrawal are intense cravings for the drug.
Here's a breakdown of the other choices and why they are not as likely:
- Choice a. Elevated energy level: Cocaine is a stimulant, so during withdrawal, a person is more likely to experience decreased energy and fatigue.
- Choice b. High self-esteem: Cocaine use can initially boost self-esteem, but withdrawal often leads to feelings of depression, anxiety, and worthlessness.
- Choice c. Euphoria: Euphoria is one of the main effects of cocaine use, but during withdrawal, the opposite occurs, with individuals experiencing dysphoria, a state of intense negative emotions.
Therefore, the intense craving for more cocaine is the most characteristic behavioral symptom exhibited during cocaine withdrawal. This craving is driven by the brain's adaptation to the drug's presence and the disruption of dopamine and other neurotransmitter systems caused by withdrawal.
Additional Notes:
- The intensity of cocaine withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on several factors, including the severity and duration of cocaine use, individual differences in brain chemistry and genetics, and the presence of co-occurring mental health conditions.
- Seeking professional help for cocaine withdrawal is crucial to manage cravings and other symptoms effectively and increase the chances of successful recovery.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This is the factor that the PN should consider the most likely to increase the client's risk for falls because it can cause orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, or fainting, especially when the client changes position or gets up from bed or a chair. The PN should monitor the client's blood pressure and pulse before and after administering the medication and assist the client with ambulation and transfers.
A. An ankle ulcer that is healing slowly is not a major risk factor for falls and may not affect the client's mobility or balance.
B. History of alcohol abuse and cigarette smoking is not a major risk factor for falls unless the client is currently intoxicated or has a chronic lung disease that impairs oxygenation or cognition.
C. Recent weight gain of twenty pounds is not a major risk factor for falls unless it causes joint pain, edema, or difficulty moving.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A: Descriptions of numbness and tingling in fingers distal to the AVF.
Choice A rationale:
Descriptions of numbness and tingling in fingers distal to the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) suggest possible nerve compression or impaired blood flow, which are concerning findings. These symptoms could indicate reduced perfusion to the distal extremities and require immediate attention to prevent further complications.
Choice B rationale:
A loud and consistent bruit auscultated at the AVF site is an expected finding and indicates adequate blood flow through the fistula. A bruit is the sound of turbulent blood flow and is commonly heard over functional AV fistulas.
Choice C rationale:
Bruising at the AVF site is a common occurrence after the creation of the fistula. It is expected due to the surgical intervention and the manipulation of blood vessels. As long as the bruising is not severe or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it does not need immediate reporting.
Choice D rationale:
The absence of the radial pulse distal to the AVF and the presence of the ulnar pulse are normal findings in a functioning AV fistula. The AV fistula diverts blood flow away from the radial artery, leading to a diminished pulse. This is not a cause for concern as long as the ulnar pulse is present, indicating adequate perfusion to the hand.
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