A charge nurse is teaching a group of staff members about hand hygiene. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. This statement suggests that outcomes are unpredictable and not influenced by factors such as adherence to a medical regimen or behavioral changes. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, behavior is influenced by attitudes and intentions, which can be assessed and potentially modified through education and intervention.
B. Poor adherence to the recommended medical regimen (such as diet, exercise, and possibly medication) increases the risk of complications in individuals with diabetes mellitus. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, if the client has negative attitudes toward the meal plan and exercise regimen (low motivation), and if they perceive these behaviors as difficult to perform (low perceived behavioral control), they are less likely to adhere to the plan. This could lead to poor outcomes, including complications related to diabetes.
C. This option suggests that outcomes will not significantly differ regardless of the client's adherence to the medical regimen or behavioral changes. However, according to the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence behavior and subsequently affect outcomes.
D. Education plays a critical role in the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior. By providing education, the nurse can influence the client's attitudes and perceptions regarding the importance and feasibility of adhering to the meal plan and starting an exercise regimen.

A. The CD4-T-cell count is a critical indicator of immune function in individuals with HIV. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that HIV targets and destroys, leading to immune deficiency. A lower CD4 count indicates greater immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Monitoring CD4 counts helps guide decisions regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and monitoring response to treatment.
B. White blood cell (WBC) count measures the body's immune response and can fluctuate due to various factors. A WBC count of 5,000/mm3 is within the normal range, but it alone does not provide specific information about the client's HIV status or immune function compared to the CD4 count.
C. Platelets are involved in blood clotting, and a platelet count of 150,000/mm3 is within the normal range. Platelet counts are important for assessing bleeding risk but are not directly related to HIV progression or immune status.
D. A positive Western blot test confirms the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. It is used for definitive HIV diagnosis after an initial positive screening test (such as ELISA). While important for diagnosis, once HIV is confirmed, ongoing monitoring of CD4 counts and viral load (not directly mentioned in the options) becomes more crucial for managing the disease.