A charge nurse is teaching a group of staff members about hand hygiene. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Compliance of hand washing among staff members is less than 50%.
Hand hygiene is the most important step to prevent spreading of infection.
Alcohol-based hand gel is an acceptable method of hand hygiene.
One out of 40 clients obtain a healthcare-associated infection HAI.
Clients should be instructed about hand hygiene.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
A. This information highlights the importance of improving hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers. Low compliance rates indicate a need for education, reminders, and possibly changes in the healthcare facility's policies and procedures to encourage better adherence to hand hygiene protocols.
B. Hand hygiene is indeed one of the most critical measures to prevent the transmission of infections in healthcare settings. Proper hand hygiene (either washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs) helps reduce the spread of pathogens from person to person, from surfaces to patients, and vice versa.
C. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (gels, foams, or rubs) are effective and convenient for hand hygiene in healthcare settings. They are recommended by healthcare authorities like the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and WHO (World Health Organization) as they quickly reduce the number of microbes on hands when soap and water are not readily available or practical.
D. This statistic underscores the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the importance of preventive measures such as hand hygiene. Healthcare workers play a crucial role in reducing HAIs through proper hand hygiene practices.
E. Educating clients about hand hygiene is essential for infection prevention, especially in settings where clients can actively participate in their own care (e.g., hospitals, outpatient clinics, long-term care facilities). Clients should be encouraged to practice hand hygiene, particularly after using the restroom, before eating, and after touching surfaces that may harbor pathogens.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This response addresses the timeframe for heparin to achieve therapeutic levels in the bloodstream, not its action on dissolving clots. Heparin works primarily by inhibiting the formation of new clots and preventing existing clots from enlarging or propagating, rather than directly dissolving existing clots.
B. This statement accurately describes the mechanism of action of heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, which inhibits the clotting factors thrombin and factor Xa. This action prevents the formation of new clots and stabilizes existing clots, but it does not actively dissolve them.
C. While pharmacists are knowledgeable about medications, including their mechanisms of action, it is within the scope of nursing practice to provide information on how medications work to clients. The nurse should be prepared to explain the basic mechanism of heparin's action to the client in understandable terms.
D. This response is inaccurate regarding heparin's action. Heparin itself does not directly dissolve clots; it prevents further clot formation and allows the body's natural fibrinolytic (clot-dissolving) mechanisms to work on existing clots. Oral medications like warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be used after initial heparin therapy to continue anticoagulation, but they do not directly dissolve clots either.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Tachycardia refers to a rapid heart rate, typically defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. Theophylline can stimulate the heart and central nervous system, leading to an increase in heart rate. Tachycardia is a known adverse effect of theophylline and can occur especially if the medication is taken in higher doses or if there are interactions with other medications or caffeine.
B. Constipation is not a common adverse effect of theophylline. Theophylline primarily affects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems rather than the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, constipation is unlikely to be caused by theophylline therapy.
C. Drowsiness is generally not a common adverse effect of theophylline. Instead, theophylline is more likely to cause CNS stimulation, which can lead to insomnia, restlessness, or anxiety rather than drowsiness.
D. Oliguria refers to decreased urine output, which is not typically associated with theophylline use. Theophylline primarily affects respiratory function and cardiovascular parameters. Decreased urine output can occur in certain conditions or with medications that affect kidney function, but it is not a recognized adverse effect of theophylline.
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