A nurse is reviewing a client's medical record. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a fall risk?

A. Episodic acute stress: This term is not a recognized diagnosis. Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder are the established diagnoses related to trauma and stress.
B. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It is not related to the flashbacks of traumatic events.
C. Acute stress disorder (ASD): ASD occurs within the first month after exposure to a traumatic event and involves symptoms like intrusive memories and flashbacks. However, since the traumatic event occurred a year ago, this disorder is less likely than PTSD.
D. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): PTSD is characterized by symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety following exposure to a traumatic event. Given the traumatic event happened a year ago, the client’s symptoms are consistent with PTSD.

A. Dual diagnosis treatment: This group is appropriate as it addresses both the antisocial personality disorder and alcohol dependency. Dual diagnosis treatment provides integrated care for individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders, making it a suitable option for this client.
B. Codependency support: This group primarily focuses on individuals affected by another person's substance use or behavior rather than directly addressing the issues of substance dependence and personality disorders in the individual.
C. Psychodrama: While psychodrama can be useful for exploring interpersonal issues and emotional experiences, it may not specifically address the dual challenges of antisocial personality disorder and alcohol dependency as effectively as dual diagnosis treatment.
D. Crisis intervention: This group focuses on immediate problems and crisis management rather than ongoing management of complex, co-occurring disorders. It may not provide the comprehensive support needed for both antisocial personality disorder and alcohol dependency.