The nurse identified that the patient has pain of 7 on a scale of 1 to 10 and he expresses discomfort over the incisional area. He guards the area by resisting movement. Which component is the S in a three-part nursing diagnostic statement using the PES format? Nursing Diagnosis: Acute pain r/t incisional trauma with guarding and restricted movement
Acute Pain
Natural swelling
Guarding and restricted movement
Related to incisional trauma
The Correct Answer is C
A. Acute Pain: This represents the diagnostic label in the nursing diagnosis but does not include specific symptoms or evidence related to the client's condition.
B. Natural swelling: This is not relevant to the symptoms described in the scenario and does not represent the specific signs of the client's condition.
C. Guarding and restricted movement: This describes the specific observable signs and symptoms reported by the patient, which are part of the "Signs and Symptoms" component (S) in the PES format.
D. Related to incisional trauma: This part of the diagnosis describes the cause or contributing factor of the pain, which is the "Etiology" component, not the "Signs and Symptoms."
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Episodic acute stress: This term is not a recognized diagnosis. Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder are the established diagnoses related to trauma and stress.
B. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It is not related to the flashbacks of traumatic events.
C. Acute stress disorder (ASD): ASD occurs within the first month after exposure to a traumatic event and involves symptoms like intrusive memories and flashbacks. However, since the traumatic event occurred a year ago, this disorder is less likely than PTSD.
D. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): PTSD is characterized by symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety following exposure to a traumatic event. Given the traumatic event happened a year ago, the client’s symptoms are consistent with PTSD.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Acute pain manifested by client's report: While this diagnosis reflects the client's report of pain, it does not address the underlying cause or etiology of the pain, which is important for forming an effective care plan.
B. Acute pain related to psychosomatic condition: This diagnosis implies a specific psychosomatic origin for the pain. Since the etiology is unknown, attributing it to a psychosomatic condition may not be accurate.
C. Acute pain related to unknown etiology: This diagnosis is the most appropriate because it acknowledges the presence of acute pain and explicitly notes that the cause is unknown, which aligns with the information provided.
D. Acute pain related to unknown factors: This diagnosis is similar to C, but "unknown factors" is less precise than "unknown etiology." The term "etiology" more accurately describes the underlying cause.
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