The nurse identified that the patient has pain of 7 on a scale of 1 to 10 and he expresses discomfort over the incisional area. He guards the area by resisting movement. Which component is the S in a three-part nursing diagnostic statement using the PES format? Nursing Diagnosis: Acute pain r/t incisional trauma with guarding and restricted movement

A. Anemia: While stress can have various effects on the body, anemia is not specifically a direct manifestation of prolonged stress. It is more commonly associated with nutritional deficiencies or chronic disease.
B. Hypoglycemia: Prolonged stress typically leads to increased levels of cortisol and other stress hormones, which can cause hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar) rather than hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
C. Decreased blood pressure: Prolonged stress usually causes increased blood pressure rather than decreased blood pressure. The body's stress response involves the release of hormones that typically raise blood pressure.
D. Impaired immune function: Prolonged stress can lead to immune system suppression, making the body more susceptible to infections and illnesses. This is a well-documented effect of chronic stress and is thus a correct manifestation to include in the teaching.

A. The goal of palliative care is to prolong the life of a client: The primary goal of palliative care is to improve the quality of life by alleviating symptoms and providing support, rather than specifically prolonging life.
B. Palliative care is not restricted to clients who are terminally ill: Palliative care can be provided to any client with a serious illness, regardless of the stage of their condition. It focuses on comfort and quality of life rather than just end-of-life care.
C. Palliative care should be avoided for a client who is receiving a cure: Palliative care is not mutually exclusive with curative treatment. It can be provided alongside curative therapies to manage symptoms and improve the client’s quality of life.
D. Palliative care is limited to clients who are in a health care facility: Palliative care can be provided in various settings, including at home, in outpatient clinics, and in healthcare facilities. It is not restricted to any particular location.