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The nurse identified that the patient has pain of 7 on a scale of 1 to 10 and he expresses discomfort over the incisional area. He guards the area by resisting movement. Which component is the S in a three-part nursing diagnostic statement using the PES format? Nursing Diagnosis: Acute pain r/t incisional trauma with guarding and restricted movement

A.

Acute Pain

B.

Natural swelling

C.

Guarding and restricted movement

D.

Related to incisional trauma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Acute Pain: This represents the diagnostic label in the nursing diagnosis but does not include specific symptoms or evidence related to the client's condition.
B. Natural swelling: This is not relevant to the symptoms described in the scenario and does not represent the specific signs of the client's condition.
C. Guarding and restricted movement: This describes the specific observable signs and symptoms reported by the patient, which are part of the "Signs and Symptoms" component (S) in the PES format.
D. Related to incisional trauma: This part of the diagnosis describes the cause or contributing factor of the pain, which is the "Etiology" component, not the "Signs and Symptoms."
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Orthostatic hypotension increases a client's risk of a fall: Correct. Orthostatic hypotension can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness when standing, increasing the risk of falls.
B. Orthostatic hypotension is indicated by a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg: This is not specific enough. Orthostatic hypotension is typically defined by a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more when standing.
C. Orthostatic hypotension increases a client's risk of a pulmonary emboli: This is not directly related. Orthostatic hypotension mainly affects balance and fall risk, not the risk of pulmonary emboli.
D. Orthostatic hypotension is indicated by a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 5 mm Hg: This is incorrect. Orthostatic hypotension is more commonly assessed by a significant drop in systolic blood pressure rather than diastolic pressure.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bronchial airway constriction: In the fight-or-flight response, bronchial airways actually dilate to increase airflow to the lungs, rather than constricting.
B. Hypoglycemia: The fight-or-flight response typically leads to increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) to provide quick energy, not decreased levels.
C. Dilated pupils: During the fight-or-flight response, pupils dilate to improve vision and help the individual better detect threats. This is a classic manifestation of this stress response.
D. Decreased blood pressure: The fight-or-flight response generally increases blood pressure due to the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones that prepare the body for immediate action.

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