A charge nurse in a long-term care facility is discussing ethical theories with a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements should the charge nurse identify as an indication that a newly licensed nurse understands utilitarianism?
“I will consider what is going to benefit the most people when making decisions.”
"I will respect the decision of a client who has a chronic illness to stop treatment."
"I will place a higher emphasis on human dignity than on the needs of a group."
"I will withhold a terminal diagnosis from a client who has cancer."
The Correct Answer is A
A. “I will consider what is going to benefit the most people when making decisions.”: This is correct. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Decisions are made based on the outcomes that benefit the most individuals, even if they might not always align with individual preferences.
B. "I will respect the decision of a client who has a chronic illness to stop treatment.": This reflects the principle of autonomy, not utilitarianism. Autonomy focuses on respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions, rather than the greater good.
C. "I will place a higher emphasis on human dignity than on the needs of a group.": This statement leans more toward a deontological perspective, which prioritizes individual rights and dignity over collective benefits.
D. "I will withhold a terminal diagnosis from a client who has cancer.": This reflects a paternalistic approach, where decisions are made by healthcare providers for the patient, which is not a principle of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism would consider the benefits and harms of full disclosure to the patient, rather than withholding information.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Using the telephone numbers of the clients is correct. According to The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goals, at least two unique identifiers, such as date of birth and telephone number, should be used to verify client identity before administering medications to prevent errors.
B. Using the room numbers of the clients is incorrect. Room numbers can change, and relying on them increases the risk of medication errors if a client is moved or misidentified.
C. Using the diagnoses of the clients is incorrect. A diagnosis is not a unique identifier, as multiple clients in a unit may have the same or similar conditions, leading to potential confusion.
D. Using the names of the clients' nearest relatives is incorrect. Family members’ names do not provide a direct, unique way to verify the client’s identity, making them unreliable for medication administration.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Make sure the crib mattress is soft.: A soft mattress is a suffocation hazard for an infant. It is recommended to use a firm mattress to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
B. Start using a highchair for feedings.: At 3 months of age, most infants are not developmentally ready to sit in a highchair. Feeding typically occurs while the infant is held or propped in a reclined position. Highchairs are usually introduced later, around 6 months of age, when the infant has better head and neck control.
C. Remove bibs when the infant is going to sleep.: Bibs and other items that could potentially obstruct the infant's airway should be removed before sleep to reduce the risk of suffocation. This is an important safety measure to ensure the infant's safety while sleeping.
D. Place no more than one small pillow in the crib.: Pillows should not be placed in the crib for infants, as they present a suffocation hazard. It is recommended to keep the crib free from any soft bedding, including pillows and blankets, to promote safe sleep.
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