A nurse is talking with a client who refuses a blood transfusion for religious reasons. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Choice A reason

Re-evaluate the client for an ET cuff leak is not appropriate. While an ET cuff leak could contribute to respiratory distress, the immediate concern is the high-pressure alarm, which indicates increased resistance to airflow. The nurse should address the alarm first and then assess for other potential causes, including an ET cuff leak.

Choice B reason:

Option B: Assess for disconnected tubing is not appropriate. A disconnected tubing is also a potential cause of the high-pressure alarm. However, before checking for disconnected tubing, the nurse should first deliver manual breaths with a resuscitation bag to provide the client with adequate ventilation.

Choice C reason:

Decrease the ventilator flow rate is not appropriate. Decreasing the ventilator flow rate might not be the appropriate action in this situation, as the high-pressure alarm indicates increased resistance, which might require increased flow to overcome. Additionally, the nurse should not delay taking immediate action by adjusting ventilator settings without knowing the specific cause of the high-pressure alarm.

Choice D reason:

When the high-pressure alarm is beeping, and the client is experiencing respiratory distress, it indicates that there is an increased resistance to airflow within the ventilator circuit or the client's airway. This can be a life-threatening situation, and immediate action is required.

The correct answer is B. Placement of a central venous catheter.

Rationale: The nurse should identify that informed consent is required for the placement of a central venous catheter, as this is an invasive procedure that carries significant risks and benefits that need to be explained to the client before obtaining consent. Informed consent is not required for irrigation of a wound with antibiotic solution, as this is a routine nursing intervention that does not involve significant risks or benefits.

Informed consent is not required for the insertion of a nasogastric tube, as this is a common nursing procedure that does not involve significant risks or benefits. Informed consent is not required for the administration of an iron injection using the Z-track technique, as this is a standard medication administration technique that does not involve significant risks or benefits.