A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer?
(Select All that Apply.)
A diet rich in fruits and vegetables
Moderate alcohol consumption
A diet high in red and processed meats
Low body mass index (BMI)
Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
Regular physical activity
Correct Answer : C,E,F
A. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is generally protective against colorectal cancer due to the high fiber content and antioxidants, reducing cancer risk.
B. Moderate alcohol consumption can increase the risk of colorectal cancer, as alcohol has been linked to inflammation and changes in gut microbiota, which may contribute to carcinogenesis.
C. A diet high in red and processed meats has been strongly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to the presence of carcinogenic substances like nitrates and heterocyclic amines in processed meats.
D. A low body mass index (BMI) is actually protective against cancer in general, as obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer due to its association with increased inflammation and insulin resistance.
E. Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer increase the risk significantly. Inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome increase the likelihood of developing this cancer.
F. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colorectal cancer due to the prolonged inflammation and cellular damage they cause in the colon.
G. Regular physical activity has a protective effect against colorectal cancer by reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating bowel movement.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["1440"]
Explanation
To calculate the total units of heparin per hour:
Multiply the patient’s weight (80 kg) by the dosage (18 units/kg/hour):
80 kg × 18 units = 1440 units/hour.
This means the patient should receive 1440 units of heparin per hour.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Mast cells play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of asthma. They release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, which contribute to airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction in status asthmaticus.
B. T lymphocytes are involved in the immune response during asthma exacerbations. They release cytokines that further drive inflammation and airway remodeling in status asthmaticus.
C. Hyperreactivity is a characteristic of asthma, but it is a result of inflammation, rather than being a direct cause of the circulatory surge of inflammatory cells and cytokines.
D. Inflammation is a central feature of status asthmaticus. It leads to airway narrowing, increased mucus production, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, contributing to severe symptoms.
E. Epithelial cells are involved in airway inflammation and repair. They release pro-inflammatory cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of infection or irritation, contributing to airway obstruction in asthma.
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