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A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer?
(Select All that Apply.)

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Moderate alcohol consumption

A diet high in red and processed meats

Low body mass index (BMI)

Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

Regular physical activity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,E,F

A.   A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is generally protective against colorectal cancer due to the high fiber content and antioxidants, reducing cancer risk.
B.   Moderate alcohol consumption can increase the risk of colorectal cancer, as alcohol has been linked to inflammation and changes in gut microbiota, which may contribute to carcinogenesis.
C.   A diet high in red and processed meats has been strongly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to the presence of carcinogenic substances like nitrates and heterocyclic amines in processed meats.

D.   A low body mass index (BMI) is actually protective against cancer in general, as obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer due to its association with increased inflammation and insulin resistance.
E.   Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer increase the risk significantly. Inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome increase the likelihood of developing this cancer.
F.   Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colorectal cancer due to the prolonged inflammation and cellular damage they cause in the colon.
G.   Regular physical activity has a protective effect against colorectal cancer by reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating bowel movement.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Furosemide is a diuretic and is not associated with PML.
B. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker and does not cause PML.
C. Natalizumab is an immunosuppressant used for multiple sclerosis and has been linked to the development of PML, a serious brain infection.
D. Pregabalin is used for neuropathic pain and does not carry a risk for PML.

A. Blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL with low insulin levels. B. Blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL with normal ketone levels. C. Blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL with normal ketone levels. D. Blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL with elevated ketone levels in blood and urine.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is too low for DKA, which typically involves hyperglycemia above 250 mg/dL.
B. A blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL and normal ketone levels are inconsistent with DKA, as DKA involves both high glucose and elevated ketones.
C. A blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL with normal ketone levels would not suggest DKA. Elevated ketones are a critical part of diagnosing DKA.
D. A blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL with elevated ketone levels in blood and urine confirms DKA, a life-threatening complication of Type 1 diabetes.

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A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and is experiencing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Which of the following medications should the nurse recognize is associated with the development of PML?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is admitted to the emergency department with deep, rapid breathing, abdominal pain, and confusion. Which of the following laboratory findings would most likely confirm a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A 55-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis is being evaluated for disease progression. Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of increased disease activity?

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A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer?
(Select All that Apply.)