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A nurse is caring for a patient receiving enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. Which interventions should the nurse implement to ensure safe and effective enteral feeding?
(Select All that Apply.)

Position the patient supine during feeding to enhance comfort.

Monitor gastric residual volumes regularly.

Administer all feedings rapidly to decrease procedure time.

Use sterile gloves when handling the feeding tube.

Flush the tube with water before and after medication administration.

Elevate the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees during feeding.

Verify tube placement before starting the feeding.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,E,F,G

A.   Positioning the patient supine can increase the risk of aspiration and should be avoided during feeding. The head of the bed should be elevated instead.
B.   Monitoring gastric residual volumes is important to assess the tolerance of the feeding and prevent aspiration.
C.   Feedings should be given slowly to avoid complications like gastric distention, not rapidly.
D.   Using sterile gloves when handling a feeding tube is not necessary unless there is a risk for infection, but clean gloves are generally adequate.
E.   Flushing the tube with water before and after medication administration helps to maintain patency and prevent clogging.
F.   The head of the bed should be elevated at least 30 degrees during feeding to reduce the risk of aspiration.
G.   Verifying tube placement before starting the feeding ensures that the feeding is going into the stomach and not the lungs.

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Correct Answer is ["E","F"]

Explanation

A. Frequent headaches can be a symptom of hypertension but are not specific to poorly managed hypertension.
B. Blood pressure consistently at goal indicates good management of hypertension.
C. Normal renal function tests suggest that there has been no damage to the kidneys, a common consequence of poorly controlled hypertension.
D. Steady weight with no recent gain suggests good management of overall health, which can contribute to better blood pressure control.
E. Proteinuria indicates kidney damage, often a result of uncontrolled hypertension.
F. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a sign of chronic hypertension and indicates poor management, as it results from the heart working harder to pump blood against increased pressure.
G. Absence of retinal changes on fundoscopic exam indicates that there is no evidence of hypertensive retinopathy, suggesting good hypertension management.

A. Genetics B. Environmental factors C. Upper respiratory infections D. Autoimmune factors E. Urinary tract infections

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. Genetics play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Having a family history of MS increases the risk, suggesting a hereditary component to the condition.
B. Environmental factors, such as living in areas with low sunlight or viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus, have been linked to a higher incidence of MS, suggesting environmental triggers may contribute to disease onset.
C. Upper respiratory infections are not directly associated with the development of multiple sclerosis. While infections may trigger MS flare-ups, they are not primary contributors to its development.
D. Autoimmune factors are central to the pathophysiology of MS, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the central nervous system, causing the characteristic lesions and nerve damage seen in MS.
E. Urinary tract infections are common complications in individuals with MS, but they do not contribute to the disease's development itself.

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A nurse is caring for a patient receiving enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. Which interventions should the nurse implement to ensure safe and effective enteral feeding? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is ["E","F"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

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A nurse is caring for a patient receiving enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. Which interventions should the nurse implement to ensure safe and effective enteral feeding?
(Select All that Apply.)