A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Aplastic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Hemolytic anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia typically presents with larger red blood cells (high MCV) and neurological symptoms, which are not present in this case.
B.   Aplastic anemia typically results in pancytopenia, and there is no mention of other blood cell line abnormalities.
C.   Iron deficiency anemia is the most likely diagnosis, as it is characterized by low hemoglobin levels and a low MCV (microcytic anemia), which is consistent with the laboratory results.
D.   Hemolytic anemia generally presents with elevated reticulocyte count and jaundice, neither of which are mentioned here.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Having the client breathe into a paper bag would help with respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic alkalosis.
B. Placing the client on seizure precautions is appropriate, as severe metabolic alkalosis can cause neurologic complications such as seizures.
C. Encouraging slow breathing may not significantly impact metabolic alkalosis.
D. Sodium bicarbonate administration would worsen metabolic alkalosis, not treat it.

A. Encourage a diet high in fiber and spicy foods to promote digestion. B. Administer antacids as prescribed to neutralize stomach acidity. C. Recommend rigorous exercise to improve overall health. D. Encourage the patient to drink milk frequently to coat the stomach lining. E. Assess for pain and provide analgesics as prescribed, avoiding NSAIDs. F. Instruct the patient to avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. G. Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as hematemesis or melena.

Correct Answer is ["B","E","F","G"]

Explanation

A. A high-fiber and spicy diet could irritate the stomach lining, worsening acute gastritis.
B. Administering antacids can help neutralize stomach acid and relieve discomfort associated with gastritis.
C. Rigorous exercise is not recommended during an acute gastritis flare-up, as it could exacerbate symptoms.
D. Drinking milk is a common myth that milk can soothe gastritis; however, milk can stimulate acid production, which might worsen symptoms.
E. Pain should be assessed regularly, and analgesics should be administered as prescribed. NSAIDs should be avoided, as they can worsen gastritis.
F. Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and smoking is crucial, as they can irritate the stomach lining and worsen symptoms of gastritis.
G. Monitoring for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as hematemesis or melena, is important as acute gastritis can lead to bleeding.

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A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient is diagnosed with acute gastritis. Which of the following interventions and assessments should the nurse consider to effectively manage this condition? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","E","F","G"]

Explanation

A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse plan to initiate?

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