A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Aplastic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Hemolytic anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia typically presents with larger red blood cells (high MCV) and neurological symptoms, which are not present in this case.
B.   Aplastic anemia typically results in pancytopenia, and there is no mention of other blood cell line abnormalities.
C.   Iron deficiency anemia is the most likely diagnosis, as it is characterized by low hemoglobin levels and a low MCV (microcytic anemia), which is consistent with the laboratory results.
D.   Hemolytic anemia generally presents with elevated reticulocyte count and jaundice, neither of which are mentioned here.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Administering feeding solution directly from the refrigerator can cause discomfort to the patient and increase the risk of gastric upset.
B. Flushing the tube with cold water is not appropriate, as it may irritate the stomach and cause discomfort.
C. Positioning the patient supine at 30 degrees is unsafe, as it increases the risk of aspiration. The patient should be at a higher angle, typically 30-45 degrees.
D. Verifying the pH of gastric aspirate is crucial to ensure the feeding tube is in the correct position and to prevent aspiration of feeding material into the lungs.

A. Increase oxygen flow rate if the patient appears anxious. B. Administer high-flow oxygen to quickly relieve hypoxemia. C. Monitor the patient's respiratory rate and effort frequently. D. Adjust oxygen flow rate to maintain a saturation level of 88-92%. E. Use a non-rebreather mask to maximize oxygen delivery. F. Encourage the patient to take deep breaths frequently.

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. Increasing the oxygen flow rate due to anxiety can worsen carbon dioxide retention, which is dangerous in COPD patients.
B. High-flow oxygen is typically not recommended for COPD patients because it can suppress respiratory drive.
C. Monitoring the respiratory rate and effort is crucial to ensure the patient is not retaining carbon dioxide or experiencing further respiratory distress.
D. Adjusting the oxygen flow rate to maintain a saturation level of 88-92% is recommended for COPD patients to prevent hypercapnia.
E. A non-rebreather mask is generally not used for COPD patients, as it can deliver too much oxygen, leading to carbon dioxide retention.
F. Encouraging deep breathing can help, but it is more important to focus on maintaining the proper oxygen saturation.

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A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding to a patient with a gastrostomy tube. Before starting the feeding, which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure patient safety?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen therapy. Which considerations are important to ensure safe and effective oxygen administration for this patient? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

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