A nurse is educating a client about the risk factors for GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
"It is okay to take aspirin with GERD."
"You should avoid possible mercury-containing foods such as some seafood because of their risk to GERD."
"There is no causal link between lying down after eating and increased onset of GERD."
"You should avoid or cut down on alcohol and caffeine which can aggravate GERD."
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Aspirin can irritate the stomach lining and increase acid reflux, worsening GERD symptoms. It is generally not recommended without consulting a healthcare provider.
Choice B reason : Mercury content in seafood is not directly linked to GERD. This statement is misleading and does not address known risk factors for GERD.
Choice C reason : Lying down after eating can indeed increase the onset of GERD as it allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus more easily.
Choice D reason : Alcohol and caffeine can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to rise into the esophagus and worsen GERD symptoms. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid or reduce their intake.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Stroke Volume refers to the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction, not to the regulation of fluid volume and cardiac output.
Choice B reason: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) is responsible for vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water reabsorption, which helps to increase circulating fluid volume and cardiac output.
Choice C reason: Brain and Atrial natriuretic peptides (BNP & ANP) actually work to decrease blood volume and pressure, not increase them.
Choice D reason: Erythropoietin primarily stimulates red blood cell production and does not directly affect fluid volume or cardiac output.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Genetics play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). While MS is not directly inherited, certain genetic markers can increase susceptibility. Studies have shown that individuals with a first-degree relative with MS have a higher risk compared to the general population.
Choice B reason: Environmental factors, such as low vitamin D levels, smoking, and possibly viral infections, are believed to contribute to the risk of developing MS. Geographic location, particularly living further from the equator, has also been associated with a higher incidence of MS, which may be related to sun exposure and vitamin D synthesis.
Choice C reason: While upper respiratory infections can trigger exacerbations in individuals with existing MS, they are not identified as a direct contributing factor to the development of the disease itself.
Choice D reason: MS is considered an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the central nervous system. This immune-mediated process targets the myelin sheath, leading to inflammation and characteristic lesions.
Choice E reason: Urinary tract infections are a common complication in individuals with MS due to bladder dysfunction, but they are not a contributing factor to the development of MS.
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