A 25-year-old patient with a history of epilepsy is brought to the emergency department after experiencing a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action by the nurse?

Apply soft restraints to prevent injury during the seizure.

Administer intravenous lorazepam.

Obtain a detailed seizure history from the family.

Ensure the patient's airway is open and position them on their side.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Applying soft restraints during a seizure could increase the risk of injury and is not recommended.
B.   Administering lorazepam is often necessary in seizures, but the priority during a seizure is ensuring the airway is open and the patient is in a safe position.
C.   Obtaining a seizure history is important but should be done after managing the acute situation.
D.   The priority during a seizure is to ensure the patient's airway is open and to position them on their side to prevent aspiration and facilitate breathing.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is too low for DKA, which typically involves hyperglycemia above 250 mg/dL.
B. A blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL and normal ketone levels are inconsistent with DKA, as DKA involves both high glucose and elevated ketones.
C. A blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL with normal ketone levels would not suggest DKA. Elevated ketones are a critical part of diagnosing DKA.
D. A blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL with elevated ketone levels in blood and urine confirms DKA, a life-threatening complication of Type 1 diabetes.

A. Sunbathing B. Flying C. Working in an office D. High altitude travel

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sunbathing is not a significant factor that worsens MS symptoms. In fact, moderate exposure to sunlight may benefit people with MS by helping them get Vitamin D, which is believed to have protective effects.
B. Flying is not a common factor that exacerbates MS symptoms. However, the change in pressure can sometimes be uncomfortable for individuals with MS, but it doesn't typically worsen the condition.
C. Working in an office is not a factor known to worsen MS symptoms. The environment of an office typically does not contribute to symptom exacerbation, though stress or lack of mobility can have an indirect impact.
D. High altitude travel can worsen MS symptoms for some individuals. The decreased oxygen levels and low pressure at high altitudes can lead to increased fatigue, shortness of breath, or dizziness, which may exacerbate MS-related symptoms.

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A 25-year-old patient with a history of epilepsy is brought to the emergency department after experiencing a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial action by the nurse?

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