A nurse is teaching a client who is at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Perform weight bearing exercises 2 times per week.

Increase intake of caffeinated beverages.

Take 400 IU of vitamin D per day.

Limit calcium intake to 600 mg per dose.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Performing weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, jogging, or strength training, helps improve bone density and prevent osteoporosis-related fractures.
B.   Caffeine can increase calcium excretion in the urine and may negatively affect bone health, so it is not recommended for clients at risk for osteoporosis.
C.   Taking 400 IU of vitamin D per day may be insufficient for clients at risk for osteoporosis. Most guidelines recommend at least 800-1,000 IU of vitamin D daily.
D.   Limiting calcium intake to 600 mg per dose is not recommended. Calcium should be taken in doses of 500-600 mg to improve absorption and bone health.

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Correct Answer is ["320"]

Explanation

Net fluid balance = Total intake - Total output

Rationale:

Total intake:

IV fluids: 1,000 mL

Antibiotic infusion: 250 mL

Oral intake: 3 cups x 240 mL = 720 mL

Total intake = 1,000 + 250 + 720 = 1,970 mL Total output:

Urine: 1,200 mL

Vomiting: 300 mL Wound drainage: 150 mL

Total output = 1,200 + 300 + 150 = 1,650 mL

Net fluid balance = 1,970 mL - 1,650 mL = +320 mL

The patient has a positive fluid balance of 320 mL.

A. Smoking can exacerbate GERD symptoms. B. GERD is primarily caused by excessive production of stomach acid. C. GERD is caused by the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. D. Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce GERD symptoms. E. A diet high in citrus fruits is recommended for GERD management F. Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for GERD. G. Obesity is a risk factor for GERD.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","G"]

Explanation

A. Smoking can exacerbate GERD symptoms. It weakens the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increasing the likelihood of acid reflux.
B. GERD is not primarily caused by excessive production of stomach acid. It is usually due to a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
C. GERD is caused by the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. When the LES is weakened or relaxes abnormally, acid can reflux into the esophagus, causing symptoms.
D. Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce GERD symptoms. It helps to prevent acid from moving back into the esophagus during sleep.
E. A diet high in citrus fruits is not recommended for GERD management. Citrus fruits can aggravate acid reflux symptoms.
F. Antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers are typically used to manage GERD symptoms.
G. Obesity is a risk factor for GERD. It can increase intra-abdominal pressure, which may contribute to the reflux of acid into the esophagus.

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A nurse is teaching a client who is at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["320"]

Explanation

Rationale:

A nursing student is reviewing the pathophysiology and management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Which of the following statements are accurate regarding GERD? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","G"]

Explanation

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A nurse is educating a client about the risk factors for GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

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