A nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding to a patient with a gastrostomy tube. Before starting the feeding, which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure patient safety?

Administer the feeding solution directly from the refrigerator.

Flush the tube with 10 mL of cold water

Position the patient supine at 30 degrees.

Verify the pH of gastric aspirate is less than 5.0.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Administering feeding solution directly from the refrigerator can cause discomfort to the patient and increase the risk of gastric upset.
B.   Flushing the tube with cold water is not appropriate, as it may irritate the stomach and cause discomfort.
C.   Positioning the patient supine at 30 degrees is unsafe, as it increases the risk of aspiration. The patient should be at a higher angle, typically 30-45 degrees.
D.   Verifying the pH of gastric aspirate is crucial to ensure the feeding tube is in the correct position and to prevent aspiration of feeding material into the lungs.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Dextrose 10% in water is hypertonic and would exacerbate hypernatremia by further increasing sodium levels.
B. 25% albumin is not appropriate for treating hypernatremia and is typically used for volume expansion in cases of shock or hypoalbuminemia.
C. Dextrose 5% in water is an isotonic solution that helps dilute sodium levels and correct hypernatremia gradually.
D. Dextran 40 is a volume-expanding agent, not suitable for treating hypernatremia.

A. Mast cells B. T lymphocytes C. Hyperreactivity D. Inflammation E. Epithelial cells

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Mast cells play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of asthma. They release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, which contribute to airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction in status asthmaticus.
B. T lymphocytes are involved in the immune response during asthma exacerbations. They release cytokines that further drive inflammation and airway remodeling in status asthmaticus.
C. Hyperreactivity is a characteristic of asthma, but it is a result of inflammation, rather than being a direct cause of the circulatory surge of inflammatory cells and cytokines.
D. Inflammation is a central feature of status asthmaticus. It leads to airway narrowing, increased mucus production, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, contributing to severe symptoms.
E. Epithelial cells are involved in airway inflammation and repair. They release pro-inflammatory cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of infection or irritation, contributing to airway obstruction in asthma.

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A nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding to a patient with a gastrostomy tube. Before starting the feeding, which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure patient safety?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is planning care for a client who has hypernatremia. Which of the following IV solutions should the nurse plan to initiate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with manifestations of status asthmaticus. Which of the following factors play a role in creating circulatory surge of inflammatory cells and cytokines in this condition? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

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