While receiving report for a client with carcinoma in situ of the left breast, the practical nurse (PN) reviews a pending lab report and notices increased levels of Anti-Glycan Neu5Gc Antibodies (AGNA). Which changes should the PN anticipate to be included in the client's plan of care?

Initiation of changes in infection control measures

Increasing the client's dietary servings of fruits and vegetables

Limiting the client's ﬂuid intake to avoid hemodilution

Avoiding the client's exposure to cold temperatures

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Anti-Glycan Neu5Gc Antibodies (AGNA) are antibodies that recognize a carbohydrate antigen called N- glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is found in animal-derived foods and tissues, but not in humans. Humans can incorporate Neu5Gc from their diet into their own cells, which can trigger an immune response and the production of AGNA.
AGNA have been associated with various inﬂammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and cancer. AGNA may also play a role in the rejection of bioprosthetic heart valves, which are made from animal tissues that contain Neu5Gc.
A client with carcinoma in situ of the left breast is a client with a non-invasive form of breast cancer, where the abnormal cells are confined to the ducts or lobules of the breast. This type of cancer has a high chance of cure with surgery and/or radiation therapy.
Increased levels of AGNA in a client with carcinoma in situ of the left breast may indicate that the client has an increased risk of inﬂammation and infection, as AGNA can activate the complement system and recruit inﬂammatory cells to the site of Neu5Gc expression. This may impair the healing process and increase the chances of complications after surgery or radiation therapy.

Therefore, the practical nurse (PN) should anticipate that the client's plan of care will include initiation of changes in infection control measures, such as prophylactic antibiotics, wound care, sterile dressing changes, and monitoring for signs and symptoms of infection (such as fever, redness, swelling, pain, or pus). These measures will help to prevent or treat any potential infection and promote wound healing.

Therefore, option A is the correct answer, while options B, C, and D are incorrect.

Option B is incorrect because increasing the client's dietary servings of fruits and vegetables may not have a significant impact on the levels of AGNA or Neu5Gc in the client's body.

Option C is incorrect because limiting the client's ﬂuid intake to avoid hemodilution may not be necessary or beneficial for the client's condition.

Option D is incorrect because avoiding the client's exposure to cold temperatures may not be relevant or helpful for the client's condition.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Discussing the suspicion of physical abuse with the provider isis essential, but it should not replace reporting to CPS. The provider’s input is valuable, but immediate action is necessary.

B. Confronting the parents with the suspicion of physical abuse is not an appropriate action for the nurse to take, as it can escalate the situation and endanger the child or the nurse.

C. Asking the hospital security to detain and question the parents is not an appropriate action for the nurse to take, as it violates the parents' rights and may interfere with the legal process.

D. Contacting Child Protective Servicesnurses are legally required to report all cases of suspected child abuse to the appropriate local or state agency.It's a critical step in protecting the child from further harm.

A. Firmly massage the uterine fundus. B. Provide emotional support. C. Administer oxygen.. D. Weigh the perineal pads. E. Insert indwelling urinary catheter. F. Administer methylergonovine.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. This is a correct action. Firmly massaging the uterine fundus can help contract the uterus and reduce bleeding by expelling clots and compressing blood vessels.

B. This is a correct action. Providing emotional support can help calm the client and reduce anxiety, which can worsen bleeding by increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

C. This is a correct action. Administering oxygen can help improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation, which can prevent hypoxia and shock due to blood loss.

D. This is a correct action. Weighing the perineal pads can help estimate the amount of blood loss and monitor the effectiveness of interventions to control bleeding.

E. This is a correct action. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter can help empty the bladder and prevent it from displacing or compressing the uterus, which can interfere with uterine contraction and increase bleeding.

F. This is a correct action. Administering methylergonovine can help stimulate uterine contraction and reduce bleeding by constricting blood vessels in the uterus.

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While receiving report for a client with carcinoma in situ of the left breast, the practical nurse (PN) reviews a pending lab report and notices increased levels of Anti-Glycan Neu5Gc Antibodies (AGNA). Which changes should the PN anticipate to be included in the client's plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a school-age child who was brought in by their parents and has scald burns to both hands and wrists. The nurse suspects physical abuse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

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