Which type of guidelines results in a faster integration of new evidence into practice and addresses issues of cost and variation in practice, and are often developed by government agencies or societies such as the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force?
Practice Guidelines
Personal Guidelines
Nursing Guidelines
Institutional Guidelines
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Practice Guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. They are designed to reduce variation in practice and promote the integration of new research findings into patient care, which can improve outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
Choice B reason: Personal Guidelines are not a standard term in healthcare. Individuals may have personal preferences or rules for their own health care, but these are not formal guidelines that influence practice on a wider scale.
Choice C reason: Nursing Guidelines are specific to the nursing profession and provide a framework for nurses in their practice. However, they are not as broad in scope as Practice Guidelines, which encompass all areas of health care.
Choice D reason: Institutional Guidelines are developed within a specific institution, such as a hospital, and may not have the wide-reaching impact on practice variation and cost that Practice Guidelines, developed by government agencies or professional societies, have.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Intuitive reasoning is a type of reasoning that relies on gut feelings or instincts rather than analytical processes. It is often used in clinical judgment when quick decisions are needed based on past experiences.
Choice B reason: Expertise is not a type of reasoning; rather, it is the knowledge and skills that a clinician develops over time. While expertise can inform reasoning, it is not a reasoning process itself.
Choice C reason: Analytic reasoning is a systematic, logical approach to problem-solving. In clinical judgment, it involves breaking down complex patient information into smaller parts to understand and address health issues.
Choice D reason: Narrative reasoning is the process of making sense of people's stories and experiences. In healthcare, it helps clinicians understand the patient's perspective and context, which is crucial for effective clinical judgment.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Peers can influence an individual's ethical perspectives through social interactions, shared experiences, and collective norms within a peer group. This social dynamic can shape one's understanding of right and wrong.
Choice B reason: Personal Experiences are a significant source of ethics as they shape an individual's moral beliefs and values. Life experiences contribute to the development of personal ethical frameworks and decision-making processes.
Choice C reason: Culture is a foundational source of ethics, providing a set of shared values, practices, and beliefs that guide behavior within a society. Cultural norms and traditions play a crucial role in defining ethical standards.
Choice D reason: Family is often the first source of ethical learning and continues to be a strong influence throughout life. Family values and teachings contribute to the formation of an individual's ethical beliefs.
Choice E reason: Health Insurance is not typically considered a source of ethics. While it may involve ethical considerations in its policies and practices, it is not a foundational source that shapes ethical perspectives like the other choices listed.
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