What is a problem for which, in order to do something right, you have to do something wrong?

Choice A reason: This choice suggests evaluating the evidence before searching the literature, which is not the correct order for creating an evidence-based question. The literature search should come after developing the question to find relevant evidence.

Choice B reason: This is the correct sequence. Developing a PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time) question provides a structured framework for the inquiry. Searching the literature follows to find evidence that answers the PICOT question. The evidence is then evaluated for quality and relevance, applied in practice, and finally, the outcomes/results are evaluated to assess the impact.

Choice C reason: Evaluating the outcomes/results before searching the literature is not logical, as the outcomes can only be evaluated after the evidence has been applied in practice.

Choice D reason: Searching the literature should be guided by the PICOT question, so it is not the first step. The question helps to focus the literature search on obtaining specific evidence needed to answer the clinical question.

Choice A reason: The term "straightforward" implies a process that is simple and uncomplicated, which does not accurately describe the nursing process. Nursing requires continuous assessment and adjustment, which is more complex than a straightforward approach.

Choice B reason: "Linear" suggests a process that follows a straight line or sequence of steps without deviation. However, the nursing process is not strictly linear as it often requires revisiting previous steps based on ongoing evaluation.

Choice C reason: The nursing process is circular because it is a dynamic and continuous cycle of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Nurses must constantly re-evaluate and adjust interventions as needed, making the process iterative rather than linear.

Choice D reason: While the nursing process is gradual in the sense that it takes place over time and involves progression, "gradual" does not capture the iterative and cyclical nature of the process.