When discussing population health, which theoretical link includes determinants such as biology, genetics, individual behavior, social environment, physical environment, and health services?

Choice A reason: The term "Pt-RN" is unclear and does not seem to represent a type of educational approach. It might be an abbreviation or error, so it is not the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Formal education refers to a structured educational system that typically occurs in an educational institution such as schools or colleges. In this context, Suzie RN is teaching a CPR class in a structured setting at a community center, which aligns with the characteristics of formal education.

Choice C reason: Self-directed learning is when individuals take the initiative, with or without the help of others, to diagnose their learning needs, formulate learning goals, identify resources for learning, choose and implement learning strategies, and evaluate learning outcomes. However, since Suzie RN is leading the class, it is not self-directed.

Choice D reason: Traditional education often refers to long-established customs that society traditionally used in schools. While Suzie's class could be considered traditional in the sense that it is instructor-led, the term "formal" is more specific to the structured nature of the educational setting.

Choice A reason: The Ohio Board of Nursing is the regulatory body responsible for defining the scope of practice for nurses in Ohio. It also establishes the nursing code of ethics for the state, ensuring that nurses adhere to professional standards and practices.

Choice B reason: The National Institute of Health (NIH) is a federal agency that conducts and supports medical research but does not define the scope of practice for nurses or the nursing code of ethics at the state level.

Choice C reason: The National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) focuses on improving patient safety and healthcare quality. While it influences nursing practice through safety guidelines, it does not define the scope of practice or nursing code of ethics.

Choice D reason: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) aims to prepare nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for continuously improving the quality and safety of healthcare systems. However, it does not define the scope of practice or nursing code of ethics.