Which ethical principle refers to acting in ways that avoid harm to others, including even the risk of harm?

Choice A reason: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a psychological theory that outlines the stages of growth in humans. It does not specifically focus on sociocultural influences but rather on fulfilling individual needs in a set order, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Choice B reason: The Cultural Competence Model emphasizes understanding and responding to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients. While it acknowledges the importance of culture in healthcare, it is not centered on the broad sociocultural influences on beliefs and behaviors.

Choice C reason: The Social-Ecological Model recognizes the interwoven relationship between individuals and their environments. It highlights how personal and environmental factors, including sociocultural influences, shape behaviors and beliefs across multiple levels of society.

Choice D reason: Erikson's Theory of Development, or Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, focuses on the development of the human personality through eight stages from infancy to adulthood. It considers social interactions but is not primarily concerned with sociocultural influences.

Choice A reason: Primary Nursing Leadership focuses on the relationship between the nurse and the patient, where the nurse is responsible for the patient's overall care. While important, this does not describe Suzie's role in addressing a systemic issue like patient falls.

Choice B reason: Interprofessional Nursing Leadership involves collaboration among various healthcare professionals. Although Suzie did collaborate with her team, her leadership role was more specific to nursing practice and addressing clinical issues.

Choice C reason: Clinical Nursing Leadership involves nurses taking initiative to improve patient care practices and outcomes. Suzie's actions to address the patient falls, gather input, and implement a plan demonstrate this type of leadership.

Choice D reason: Formal Nursing Leadership typically refers to positions with designated managerial or administrative responsibilities. While Suzie was given a task by the director, her leadership was demonstrated through her clinical initiative rather than a formal role.