Which strategy should be included in the education of an elder adult to prevent polypharmacy?

Encourage elderly clients to keep a list of all medications, including dose and frequency, with them at all times.

Provide only written instructions for medications to elderly clients.

Encourage patients to use multiple pharmacies for convenience.

Teach elderly clients to have a spouse or family member be responsible for of all of their medications.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Encourage elderly clients to keep a list of all medications, including dose and frequency, with them at all times:
Maintaining an accurate list of all medications, including doses and frequencies, helps prevent polypharmacy by ensuring that healthcare providers have a complete picture of what the patient is taking. This list can be critical in preventing drug interactions, avoiding duplicate therapies, and ensuring that the patient does not inadvertently take conflicting medications. It also aids in coordinating care among multiple providers.

B. Provide only written instructions for medications to elderly clients:
While written instructions are helpful, relying solely on them may not be sufficient. Elderly clients may have difficulty reading or understanding written instructions due to various factors like visual impairments or cognitive decline. A comprehensive approach, including verbal instructions and opportunities for clarification, is often more effective.

C. Encourage patients to use multiple pharmacies for convenience:
Using multiple pharmacies can increase the risk of polypharmacy because it may lead to a lack of coordination and awareness of all the medications the patient is taking. A single pharmacy or a centralized medication management system is generally more effective in tracking and managing medications to avoid interactions and duplications.
D. Teach elderly clients to have a spouse or family member be responsible for all of their medications:
While involving family members in medication management can be beneficial, it is not a strategy to prevent polypharmacy. The primary responsibility for managing medications should lie with the patient, in collaboration with healthcare providers, to ensure accuracy and understanding. Family members can assist, but they should not replace the need for personal medication management and monitoring.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The drug will be more effective when given in a nonenteral route:
Morphine has a high first-pass effect when taken orally, meaning that a significant amount of the drug is metabolized in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This reduces the amount of active drug available in the bloodstream. To avoid this extensive metabolism, morphine is often administered through nonenteral routes, such as intravenous or subcutaneous, where it bypasses the digestive system and liver first-pass metabolism, resulting in higher systemic bioavailability and effectiveness.

B. The drug will be most effective when given orally:
Due to the high first-pass effect of oral morphine, a significant portion of the drug is metabolized by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. This means that oral morphine is often less effective compared to other routes of administration, such as intravenous, because the bioavailability of the drug is reduced.

C. The drug is excreted by the kidneys at a slower rate than most medications:
The high first-pass effect primarily affects the drug's absorption and systemic availability rather than its excretion rate. The rate at which a drug is excreted by the kidneys is generally unrelated to its first-pass effect. Morphine’s excretion is influenced by its metabolism and clearance, but not directly by the first-pass effect.

D. The kidney will metabolize some of the drug before it reaches the bloodstream:
The first-pass effect occurs primarily in the liver, not the kidneys. It involves the metabolism of the drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. Therefore, this option incorrectly attributes the first-pass effect to kidney metabolism.

A. Category A- indicate no risk to the human fetus. B. Category C- medications indicated possible risk in humans has been reported. C. Category X - medications have reportable fetal abnormalities associated with consumption. Positive evidence of fetal risk is available in both humans and animals D. Category B -Studies indicate no risk to the animal fetus, with no information on human fetuses available.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Category A:
Medications classified as Category A are considered the safest during pregnancy. They have been well-studied in pregnant humans, and no risk to the fetus has been demonstrated. This classification means that adequate and well-controlled studies have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus in the first trimester and no risk in later trimesters.

B. Category C:
Category C medications have shown potential risks to the fetus in animal studies, and there are no well-controlled studies in humans. The benefits of the medication may outweigh the potential risks, but caution is advised. These medications are used when the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus.

C. Category X:
Category X medications are contraindicated in pregnancy due to evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks that outweigh any potential benefits. These medications have demonstrated clear evidence of harm to the fetus in both human and animal studies, and their use is not recommended during pregnancy.

D. Category B:
Category B medications have shown no risk to animal fetuses, but there is a lack of adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant humans. The absence of evidence of harm in animal studies suggests that these drugs are generally considered safe, though their effects on human fetuses are not well-documented.

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Which strategy should be included in the education of an elder adult to prevent polypharmacy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse reads in a drug information guide that PO morphine has a high first-pass effect. Which of the following would the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on morphine and has a respiratory rate of 6/min. Which medication should the nurse plan to administer?

Select the correct order in which pharmacokinetics process occur when a medication is taken via the oral route.

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The nurse is preparing to administer medications to a 38-year-old client. Before administering the medications, the nurse understands which components make up the Five Rights of Medication Administration? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is caring for an older adult client. The nurse should recognize that which of the following considerations apply to older adults and pharmacology? (Select all that apply).