The nurse is caring for a client who is 21-weeks pregnant and requires the administration of various medications. The nurse understands that different medications are classified on their potential interaction with the mother's fetus. From the list of options below, match the correct medication category to its corresponding description.

Category A- indicate no risk to the human fetus.

Category C- medications indicated possible risk in humans has been reported.

Category X - medications have reportable fetal abnormalities associated with consumption. Positive evidence of fetal risk is available in both humans and animals

Category B -Studies indicate no risk to the animal fetus, with no information on human fetuses available.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Category A:
Medications classified as Category A are considered the safest during pregnancy. They have been well-studied in pregnant humans, and no risk to the fetus has been demonstrated. This classification means that adequate and well-controlled studies have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus in the first trimester and no risk in later trimesters.

B. Category C:
Category C medications have shown potential risks to the fetus in animal studies, and there are no well-controlled studies in humans. The benefits of the medication may outweigh the potential risks, but caution is advised. These medications are used when the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus.

C. Category X:
Category X medications are contraindicated in pregnancy due to evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks that outweigh any potential benefits. These medications have demonstrated clear evidence of harm to the fetus in both human and animal studies, and their use is not recommended during pregnancy.

D. Category B:
Category B medications have shown no risk to animal fetuses, but there is a lack of adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant humans. The absence of evidence of harm in animal studies suggests that these drugs are generally considered safe, though their effects on human fetuses are not well-documented.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Inject a volume of less than 2 mL: While it is generally recommended to inject a volume of less than 2 mL into the deltoid muscle to avoid discomfort and ensure proper absorption, this is not the primary action to focus on when planning the injection.

B) Inject the medication at a 90 degree angle: This is the correct action. Administering an intramuscular (IM) injection at a 90-degree angle ensures that the medication is delivered deep into the muscle tissue, which is necessary for proper absorption and effectiveness.

C) Inject the medication 12.7 cm (5 in) below the client’s acromion process: The correct injection site for the deltoid muscle is typically 2-3 finger widths (approximately 2.5-5 cm) below the acromion process, not 12.7 cm. Injecting too far below the acromion process could result in an incorrect injection site.

D) Use a 21-gauge needle for the injection: While a 21-gauge needle can be used for IM injections, the gauge of the needle is not the primary focus in this context. The angle of injection is more critical to ensure proper delivery of the medication.

A. The nurse reports the error to the physician and the charge nurse but does not document the error due to possible legal action. B. The nurse does not report or document the error, since the error did not result in any harm to the patient. C. The nurse does not report the error, because the error was caught and corrected prior to drug administration. D. The nurse informs the patient, documents the error as per hospital policy, and notifies the physician.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) The nurse reports the error to the physician and the charge nurse but does not document the error due to possible legal action: Ethical reporting includes thorough documentation of the error, regardless of potential legal implications. Failing to document the error could compromise patient safety and the quality of care, and it does not fulfill the requirement for transparent and comprehensive reporting.

B) The nurse does not report or document the error, since the error did not result in any harm to the patient: Ethical reporting of medication errors involves documenting and reporting all errors, regardless of whether harm occurred. This helps in preventing future errors and maintaining a culture of safety and accountability.

C) The nurse does not report the error, because the error was caught and corrected prior to drug administration: Even if the error was corrected before administration, it is crucial to report and document the incident. This practice helps identify potential systemic issues and improve safety protocols.

D) The nurse informs the patient, documents the error as per hospital policy, and notifies the physician: This action demonstrates ethical reporting as it includes informing the patient about the error, thoroughly documenting it according to hospital policy, and notifying the physician. This comprehensive approach ensures transparency, patient safety, and adherence to institutional guidelines.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is planning to administer an IM injection into a client's deltoid muscle. Which action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which situation demonstrates ethical reporting of a medication error?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Select the correct order in which pharmacokinetics process occur when a medication is taken via the oral route.

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