Select the correct order in which pharmacokinetics process occur when a medication is taken via the oral route.

Distribution, Excretion, Absorption Metabolism

Absorption, Excretion, Metabolism, Distribution

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism. Excretion

Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Distribution, Excretion, Absorption, Metabolism: This order is incorrect because absorption should occur before distribution. The medication must first be absorbed into the bloodstream before it can be distributed throughout the body. Excretion and metabolism follow after distribution, not before.

B) Absorption, Excretion, Metabolism, Distribution: This sequence is incorrect because distribution occurs after absorption and before metabolism. Excretion is the final step and occurs after metabolism.

C) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion: This is the correct order. After oral administration, the medication is first absorbed into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract. It is then distributed throughout the body. Following distribution, the medication undergoes metabolism (primarily in the liver) to be converted into more water-soluble forms for elimination. Finally, the medication is excreted from the body, typically through the kidneys

D) Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion: This order is incorrect because metabolism occurs after distribution, not before. After absorption, the drug must be distributed to various tissues before it is metabolized. Excretion is the final step following metabolism.

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Correct Answer is ["A","F"]

Explanation

A. St. John's wort 450 mg by mouth twice daily: St. John's wort is known to be a potent inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes and can significantly reduce the effectiveness of warfarin by increasing its metabolism. This interaction can lead to subtherapeutic levels of warfarin and an increased risk of thromboembolic events.

B. Gabapentin 400 mg by mouth twice daily: While gabapentin can interact with other medications, its interactions with warfarin or St. John's wort are generally not as significant as those between warfarin and St. John's wort.

C. Aspirin 81 mg by mouth daily: Aspirin has anticoagulant properties and can have interactions with warfarin. However, the interaction with St. John's wort is less pronounced compared to the interaction between warfarin and St. John's wort.

D. Atorvastatin 80 mg by mouth daily: Atorvastatin primarily affects lipid levels and has different metabolic pathways compared to warfarin. It does not have a strong interaction with St. John's wort.

E. Lisinopril 5 mg by mouth daily: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor and does not have significant interactions with St. John's wort or warfarin.

F. Warfarin 5 mg by mouth daily. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that requires careful monitoring due to its interactions with various substances that can either increase the risk of bleeding or decrease its effectiveness.

G. Ginger 5 mg by mouth daily: Ginger can affect platelet function but is not as significant in interaction with warfarin as St. John's wort.

H. Valerian 10 mg by mouth daily: Valerian may have mild interactions with central nervous system depressants but does not have significant interactions with warfarin or St. John's wort.

A. The nurse reports the error to the physician and the charge nurse but does not document the error due to possible legal action. B. The nurse does not report or document the error, since the error did not result in any harm to the patient. C. The nurse does not report the error, because the error was caught and corrected prior to drug administration. D. The nurse informs the patient, documents the error as per hospital policy, and notifies the physician.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) The nurse reports the error to the physician and the charge nurse but does not document the error due to possible legal action: Ethical reporting includes thorough documentation of the error, regardless of potential legal implications. Failing to document the error could compromise patient safety and the quality of care, and it does not fulfill the requirement for transparent and comprehensive reporting.

B) The nurse does not report or document the error, since the error did not result in any harm to the patient: Ethical reporting of medication errors involves documenting and reporting all errors, regardless of whether harm occurred. This helps in preventing future errors and maintaining a culture of safety and accountability.

C) The nurse does not report the error, because the error was caught and corrected prior to drug administration: Even if the error was corrected before administration, it is crucial to report and document the incident. This practice helps identify potential systemic issues and improve safety protocols.

D) The nurse informs the patient, documents the error as per hospital policy, and notifies the physician: This action demonstrates ethical reporting as it includes informing the patient about the error, thoroughly documenting it according to hospital policy, and notifying the physician. This comprehensive approach ensures transparency, patient safety, and adherence to institutional guidelines.

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Select the correct order in which pharmacokinetics process occur when a medication is taken via the oral route.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["A","F"]

Explanation

Which situation demonstrates ethical reporting of a medication error?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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