A nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on morphine and has a respiratory rate of 6/min. Which medication should the nurse plan to administer?

Naloxone

Flumazenil

Protamine

Epinephrine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Naloxone: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression. Given that the client has overdosed on morphine and is exhibiting a critically low respiratory rate of 6/min, naloxone is the appropriate medication to administer to reverse the effects of morphine and restore normal breathing.

B) Flumazenil: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose. It is not effective for opioid overdoses, such as those caused by morphine.

C) Protamine: Protamine is used to reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant, and is not relevant in the context of opioid overdose. It does not address the respiratory depression caused by morphine.

D) Epinephrine: Epinephrine is used in cases of anaphylaxis or severe allergic reactions and is not appropriate for reversing opioid overdose. It would not address the respiratory depression caused by morphine overdose.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Absorption:
Chronic liver failure primarily affects the metabolism of drugs rather than their absorption. While liver disease can impact various bodily functions, the absorption of medications is generally more influenced by gastrointestinal factors and not as directly affected by liver function.

B. Excretion:
Excretion of drugs is primarily managed by the kidneys, not the liver. While liver failure can lead to changes in drug metabolism, it does not directly impair the excretion process, which is largely renal. However, compromised liver function can indirectly affect renal excretion due to altered pharmacokinetics.

C. Metabolism:
Liver failure significantly affects drug metabolism. The liver is the primary site for the metabolism of many medications, converting drugs into more water-soluble compounds for excretion. In chronic liver failure, the liver's ability to metabolize drugs is impaired, leading to potential drug accumulation and increased risk of toxicity. This step of pharmacokinetics is most directly impacted by liver dysfunction.

D. Distribution:
While liver function can affect drug distribution to some extent, it is not as directly impacted as metabolism. Distribution can be influenced by factors such as changes in plasma protein levels and blood flow, but the liver's primary role in drug metabolism is more directly affected by chronic liver failure.

A. 2 mg B. 0.20 mg C. 0.2 mg D. 2.0 mg

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) 2 mg: This dosage is incorrect because it represents two milligrams, which is ten times the intended amount of two-tenths of a milligram (0.2 mg). The intended dosage is much smaller, so this option does not accurately represent the prescribed amount.

B) 0.20 mg: Although this representation is correct, the trailing zero is not necessary and can lead to potential confusion or errors. Standard practice often omits the trailing zero to simplify and clarify dosage instructions.

C) 0.2 mg: This is the most appropriate and clear way to write two-tenths of a milligram. It includes a leading zero before the decimal point, which is important for clarity and reducing the risk of misinterpretation. This format adheres to best practices in medication transcription.

D) 2.0 mg: This option is incorrect because it represents two milligrams, not two-tenths of a milligram. The decimal point and trailing zero do not change the fact that the dosage is significantly larger than what is intended.

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A nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on morphine and has a respiratory rate of 6/min. Which medication should the nurse plan to administer?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client presents to the healthcare setting with a diagnosis of chronic liver failure. The nurse understands this will affect which step of pharmacokinetics?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is preparing an in-service program about preventing medication errors when transcribing a prescription. The nurse is using a dosage example of two tenths of a milligram. Which of the following examples should the nurse use to show appropriate transcription of this dosage?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who overdosed on morphine and has a respiratory rate of 6/min. Which medication should the nurse plan to administer?