A client asks why she needs to take a medication on an empty stomach. The nurse explains that food generally has which effect on drug dissolution and absorption?

Does not have an effect

Increases

Decreases

Enhances

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Does not have an effect: Food can significantly affect drug dissolution and absorption, so it is not accurate to say it has no effect. The presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract can alter how drugs are absorbed.

B) Increases: While food can sometimes increase the absorption of certain medications by stimulating digestive processes, it generally does not increase drug absorption for all medications. In many cases, food can delay or decrease the rate of drug absorption.

C) Decreases: Food commonly decreases the rate and extent of drug absorption. This can occur because food may bind to the drug, alter the pH of the stomach, or affect gastric emptying, leading to reduced drug dissolution and absorption.

D) Enhances: Food generally does not enhance drug dissolution and absorption for most medications. While some medications are better absorbed with food, in many cases, food can reduce the rate at which a drug is absorbed, leading to decreased efficacy.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Transdermal patch:
A transdermal patch provides a slow, continuous release of medication over a period of time. While it is useful for long-term management of conditions, it does not provide the rapid onset needed for acute situations. The medication gradually enters the bloodstream through the skin, making it less effective for immediate relief.

B. Topical ointment:
Topical ointments are applied to the skin and are absorbed locally at the site of application. They are not designed for rapid systemic absorption and typically have a slower onset compared to other routes like sublingual or intravenous.

C. Suspended-release:
Suspended-release formulations are designed for controlled, extended-release of medication over time. These are not intended for rapid onset but rather for maintaining therapeutic levels of the medication over an extended period. They are suitable for long-term treatment rather than immediate relief.

D. Sublingual:
Sublingual administration (under the tongue) provides the most rapid onset for nitroglycerin. This route allows the medication to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes in the mouth, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the liver. This results in a quick therapeutic effect, which is crucial for managing acute angina attacks.

A. Distribution, Excretion, Absorption Metabolism B. Absorption, Excretion, Metabolism, Distribution C. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism. Excretion D. Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Distribution, Excretion, Absorption, Metabolism: This order is incorrect because absorption should occur before distribution. The medication must first be absorbed into the bloodstream before it can be distributed throughout the body. Excretion and metabolism follow after distribution, not before.

B) Absorption, Excretion, Metabolism, Distribution: This sequence is incorrect because distribution occurs after absorption and before metabolism. Excretion is the final step and occurs after metabolism.

C) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion: This is the correct order. After oral administration, the medication is first absorbed into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract. It is then distributed throughout the body. Following distribution, the medication undergoes metabolism (primarily in the liver) to be converted into more water-soluble forms for elimination. Finally, the medication is excreted from the body, typically through the kidneys

D) Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion: This order is incorrect because metabolism occurs after distribution, not before. After absorption, the drug must be distributed to various tissues before it is metabolized. Excretion is the final step following metabolism.

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A client asks why she needs to take a medication on an empty stomach. The nurse explains that food generally has which effect on drug dissolution and absorption?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching with a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Select the correct order in which pharmacokinetics process occur when a medication is taken via the oral route.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Which situation demonstrates ethical reporting of a medication error?

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