A client asks why she needs to take a medication on an empty stomach. The nurse explains that food generally has which effect on drug dissolution and absorption?

Does not have an effect

Increases

Decreases

Enhances

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Does not have an effect: Food can significantly affect drug dissolution and absorption, so it is not accurate to say it has no effect. The presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract can alter how drugs are absorbed.

B) Increases: While food can sometimes increase the absorption of certain medications by stimulating digestive processes, it generally does not increase drug absorption for all medications. In many cases, food can delay or decrease the rate of drug absorption.

C) Decreases: Food commonly decreases the rate and extent of drug absorption. This can occur because food may bind to the drug, alter the pH of the stomach, or affect gastric emptying, leading to reduced drug dissolution and absorption.

D) Enhances: Food generally does not enhance drug dissolution and absorption for most medications. While some medications are better absorbed with food, in many cases, food can reduce the rate at which a drug is absorbed, leading to decreased efficacy.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. An antibiotic medication that has a side effect of nausea when taken without food:
Nausea is a common side effect of many medications, including antibiotics, when taken on an empty stomach. While this side effect may cause discomfort, it is generally not a contraindication to medication administration. Patients can often manage this side effect by taking the medication with food or as advised by their healthcare provider.

B. Administering medications to a client under 4 months of age:
While administering medications to very young children requires special considerations and dosing adjustments, it is not inherently a contraindication. The key is to ensure that the medications are appropriate for the age and weight of the infant, and are prescribed and dosed correctly.

C. An antihypertensive medication given for high-blood pressure that causes orthostatic hypotension:
Orthostatic hypotension is a known side effect of some antihypertensive medications. While this side effect needs to be managed carefully, it does not represent a contraindication to the medication. Adjusting the dose or changing medications may be required to manage this side effect.

D. A medication with a Blackbox warning that the drug causes tendonitis and the patient has a history of tendonitis:
A Black Box warning is the strictest warning put in the labelling of a prescription drug by the FDA. It indicates that the drug has significant risk of serious or life-threatening adverse effects. If a medication with a Black Box warning indicates a risk of tendonitis and the patient has a history of tendonitis, this represents a contraindication, as the drug could exacerbate or trigger the condition, posing a serious risk to the patient.

A. Transdermal patch B. Topical ointment C. Suspended-release D. Sublingual

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Transdermal patch:
A transdermal patch provides a slow, continuous release of medication over a period of time. While it is useful for long-term management of conditions, it does not provide the rapid onset needed for acute situations. The medication gradually enters the bloodstream through the skin, making it less effective for immediate relief.

B. Topical ointment:
Topical ointments are applied to the skin and are absorbed locally at the site of application. They are not designed for rapid systemic absorption and typically have a slower onset compared to other routes like sublingual or intravenous.

C. Suspended-release:
Suspended-release formulations are designed for controlled, extended-release of medication over time. These are not intended for rapid onset but rather for maintaining therapeutic levels of the medication over an extended period. They are suitable for long-term treatment rather than immediate relief.

D. Sublingual:
Sublingual administration (under the tongue) provides the most rapid onset for nitroglycerin. This route allows the medication to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes in the mouth, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the liver. This results in a quick therapeutic effect, which is crucial for managing acute angina attacks.

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A client asks why she needs to take a medication on an empty stomach. The nurse explains that food generally has which effect on drug dissolution and absorption?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing a client's prescribed medications. Which of the following situations represents a contraindication to medication administration?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching with a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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