Which outcome is appropriate for the client problem of "ineffective gas exchange" for the client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Choice A rationale

Visible signs of bone healing on an X-ray would not be expected after Buck's traction. Healing takes longer to become visible on an X-ray.

Choice B rationale

Increased swelling and redness would indicate complications such as infection or thrombophlebitis, not the effectiveness of traction.

Choice C rationale

Improved range of motion would not typically be expected while Buck's traction is in place. The primary purpose is to reduce pain and immobilize the fracture.

Choice D rationale

Decrease in hip pain is a direct indicator of the effectiveness of Buck's traction in alleviating symptoms and preventing further injury to the fractured femur.

Choice A rationale

Reduced bronchospasm is a beneficial outcome for COPD, but it is not the primary outcome related to gas exchange.

Choice B rationale

Decreased breathlessness is a positive outcome for COPD, but it is not directly related to gas exchange.

Choice C rationale

Increased carbon dioxide retention is a negative outcome and indicates worsening of gas exchange.

Choice D rationale

Improved oxygen saturation levels are a direct and measurable outcome of effective gas exchange and indicate better oxygenation in COPD patients.