Which one of the following phrases is a broad and inclusive definition of health informatics?
A documentation system that nurses working in hospitals use to record patient progress and communicate with the members of the interdisciplinary team.
The use of cell phones, palm pilot, and text messaging as a mechanism to contact patients who have been discharged from the hospital and need follow-up care.
The interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption, and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management, and planning.
The use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communication to improve patients' health status.
The Correct Answer is C
Health informatics is a broad and inclusive field that involves the design, development, adoption, and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management, and planning.
Choice A refers to a specific documentation system used by nurses in hospitals, while choice B describes a specific method of patient follow-up care.
Choice D describes the use of electronic communication to improve patient health status, which is a component of health informatics, but it does not provide a comprehensive definition of the field as a whole.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Social cognitive theory emphasizes that people learn by observing others, with the environment, behavior, and cognition acting as primary factors that influence development in a reciprocal manner.
A major component of the theory is observational learning: the process of learning desirable and undesirable behaviors by observing others, then reproducing learned behaviors in order to maximize rewards.
Choice A is not the answer because human behavior is not only shaped by reoccurring patterns of activity that take place in a structured environment.
Choice C is not the answer because communication and information processing are not the only central roles in social cognitive theory.
Choice D is not the answer because social cognitive theory does not focus solely on the health of a person, not the disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Behavioral change theories explain why people adopt or not adopt certain health behaviors.
These theories focus on a range of factors influencing behavior determinants, including factors within an individual (such as thoughts, feelings and beliefs), factors in groups or relationships, and factors that exist in organizations and communities (such as structures, regulations, policies and laws)1.
Choice A is incorrect because environmental theories focus on the impact of the physical environment on health behaviors.
Choice B is incorrect because communication theories focus on how information is transmitted and received.
Choice D is incorrect because evaluation theories focus on assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
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