Which of the following clinical manifestations is often observed in individuals with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?

Explanation: The correct answer is b. Genetic or inherited defects. Immunodeficiency disorders are primarily caused by genetic mutations or defects that result in a weakened or impaired immune system.

Incorrect choices:

a. While environmental factors can contribute to the development of secondary immunodeficiency disorders, they are not the primary cause of most immunodeficiency disorders.

c. Autoimmune reactions are not the primary cause of immunodeficiency disorders. Autoimmune disorders involve the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, not a deficiency in the immune system.

d. Excessive production of white blood cells is not the primary cause of immunodeficiency disorders. In fact, immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by a deficiency or impairment of white blood cells, which are essential components of the immune system.

Explanation: The correct answer is c. Allergic reactions and skin rashes are not typically associated with immunodeficiency disorders. Immunodeficiency disorders primarily result in an increased susceptibility to infections and recurrent, severe infections.

Incorrect choices:

a. Frequent, severe infections are a common symptom of immunodeficiency disorders due to the weakened immune response, making individuals more susceptible to infections.

b. Fatigue and weakness can occur in individuals with immunodeficiency disorders due to the impact of chronic infections on the body's energy reserves.

d. Delayed wound healing may occur in individuals with immunodeficiency disorders due to the impaired immune response and decreased ability to fight infections at the site of a wound.