Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of immunodeficiency disorders?

Explanation: The correct answer is d. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is a common treatment option for patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders. It involves infusing patients with immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help boost their immune response and protect against infections.

Incorrect choices:

a. Allergy shots are used to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens in individuals with allergies, not to treat primary immunodeficiency disorders.

b. Immunosuppressive medications are used to suppress the immune response in conditions such as autoimmune diseases or after organ transplantation, but they are not typically used to treat primary immunodeficiency disorders.

c. Blood transfusions may be used to treat anemia or certain blood disorders, but they are not a specific treatment for primary immunodeficiency disorders.

Explanation: The correct answer is c. Frequent and severe infections are common clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders. The weakened immune system is unable to effectively defend against infections, leading to recurrent and severe infections.

Incorrect choices:

a. Severe allergic reactions are more characteristic of allergies or hypersensitivity disorders, not immunodeficiency disorders.

b. Chronic inflammation can be seen in various conditions, but it is not a specific clinical manifestation of immunodeficiency disorders.

d. Autoimmune diseases result from an overactive immune response attacking the body's own tissues, which is the opposite of immunodeficiency disorders where the immune system is weakened and unable to adequately protect against infections.