Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of immunodeficiency disorders?

Explanation: The correct answer is b. X-linked agammaglobulinemia. X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by a genetic mutation that leads to the absence of mature B cells, resulting in an inability to produce antibodies (immunoglobulins). As a result, individuals with this disorder are highly susceptible to infections, especially bacterial infections.

Incorrect choices:

a. DiGeorge syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormalities in the development of certain organs, including the thymus, leading to impaired T cell function.

c. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of rare genetic disorders that affect both T cells and B cells, resulting in a severe impairment of the immune system.

d. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system's ability to fight infections.

Explanation: The correct answer is b. Recurrent skin infections. Recurrent skin infections are common clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders in the elderly. The weakened immune system makes the skin more susceptible to infections and delays wound healing.

Incorrect choices:

a. Impaired balance and coordination are more commonly associated with neurological disorders or conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, not immunodeficiency disorders.

c. Vision changes and blindness may be seen in conditions affecting the eyes or the visual system but are not typical clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders.

d. Hearing loss is more commonly associated with conditions affecting the ears or the auditory system and is not a typical clinical manifestation of immunodeficiency disorders.