Which of the following clinical manifestations is commonly seen in individuals with immunodeficiency disorders?

Explanation: The correct answer is d. Absence or significantly reduced T cell levels. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by a severe deficiency or absence of T cells, which are essential for cell-mediated immunity.

Incorrect choices:

a. Increased levels of circulating B cells are not characteristic of SCID. In SCID, both T and B cell immunity are affected, and the client may have reduced levels of both.

b. Elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels may occur in certain types of immunodeficiency disorders, but it is not a specific finding for SCID.

c. Abnormal antibody response to vaccinations can be observed in various immunodeficiency disorders, but it does not specifically indicate SCID.

Explanation: The correct answer is d. Abdominal pain and diarrhea. Abdominal pain and diarrhea are common clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders. The weakened immune system makes the child more susceptible to gastrointestinal infections, leading to these symptoms.

Incorrect choices:

a. Rash and hives are more common clinical manifestations of allergic reactions or immune hypersensitivity disorders, not immunodeficiency disorders.

b. Rapid weight loss may be seen in conditions like malnutrition or metabolic disorders but is not a typical clinical manifestation of immunodeficiency disorders.

c. Excessive thirst and frequent urination are clinical manifestations of diabetes or other endocrine disorders, not immunodeficiency disorders.