Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern and primarily affects males, leading to the absence of mature B cells and immunoglobulins?
Selective IgA deficiency
DiGeorge syndrome
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: The correct answer is c. X-linked agammaglobulinemia. This disorder primarily affects males and is caused by mutations in the BTK gene, resulting in a lack of mature B cells and immunoglobulins.
Incorrect choices:
a. Selective IgA deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a deficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA), and it can affect both males and females.
b. DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a chromosome 22 deletion and is not inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.
d. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of disorders that can be inherited in various patterns, including autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked recessive. SCID affects both males and females and results in a severe deficiency of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is d. Immunodeficiency disorders can be caused by medications or medical treatments. Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system is weakened or dysfunctional, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections. They can be primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired). Secondary immunodeficiency disorders can be caused by various factors, including medications (e.g., immunosuppressive drugs used after organ transplants), medical treatments (e.g., chemotherapy for cancer), and certain diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS).
Incorrect choices:
a. Immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by a weakened immune system, not an overactive one. Overactive immune responses are seen in autoimmune disorders.
b. Immunodeficiency disorders can be both primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) in nature. While some immunodeficiencies are genetic, others can be acquired later in life due to various factors.
c. Immunodeficiency disorders result in a decreased ability to fight infections, not an increased one. Individuals with immunodeficiencies are more susceptible to infections and may experience recurrent or severe infections.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is b. Persistent fever and night sweats. Fever and night sweats are common clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders. The immune system's inability to fight off infections can lead to recurrent fevers and night sweats as the body tries to combat pathogens.
Incorrect choices:
a. Hyperactivity and restlessness are not typical clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders. These symptoms are more commonly associated with conditions affecting the central nervous system.
c. Weight gain and increased appetite are not typical clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders. They may be seen in conditions like hypothyroidism or hormonal imbalances.
d. Elevated blood pressure is not a common clinical manifestation of immunodeficiency disorders. It may be seen in conditions like hypertension or cardiovascular disorders.
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