Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a lack of mature B cells and an inability to produce antibodies?
DiGeorge syndrome
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: The correct answer is b. X-linked agammaglobulinemia. X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by a genetic mutation that leads to the absence of mature B cells, resulting in an inability to produce antibodies (immunoglobulins). As a result, individuals with this disorder are highly susceptible to infections, especially bacterial infections.
Incorrect choices:
a. DiGeorge syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormalities in the development of certain organs, including the thymus, leading to impaired T cell function.
c. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of rare genetic disorders that affect both T cells and B cells, resulting in a severe impairment of the immune system.
d. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a secondary immunodeficiency disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system's ability to fight infections.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is b. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). CVID is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a reduced level of immunoglobulins, particularly IgA, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections.
Incorrect choices:
a. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a more severe immunodeficiency disorder that affects multiple components of the immune system, not specifically IgA levels.
c. DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a genetic abnormality and is characterized by a defect in the development of certain organs, including the thymus and parathyroid glands. It may result in immune system abnormalities but does not primarily involve IgA deficiency.
d. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disorder that affects platelet function and immune system regulation but is not specifically associated with IgA deficiency.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is c. Ataxia-telangiectasia. Ataxia-telangiectasia is a rare genetic disorder that affects the cerebellum, causing poor muscle coordination (ataxia) and small, dilated blood vessels (telangiectasias). It also leads to defective T-cell function, making affected individuals more susceptible to infections.
Incorrect choices:
a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that primarily affects B-cell function, leading to a lack of mature B cells and low levels of immunoglobulins, but does not involve defective T-cell function.
b. Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is characterized by a deficiency of IgA, but it does not typically lead to defective T-cell function.
d. DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a deletion on chromosome 22 and primarily affects the development of certain organs, including the thymus and parathyroid glands, resulting in T-cell deficiency. While it may lead to some B-cell abnormalities, defective T-cell function is the hallmark of this disorder.
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